摘要
债务加入作为扩大债权受偿机会的增信措施,具有近似于保证的担保功能,但其并不属于典型的担保方式。区分债务加入与保证,应当以措辞的文义优先,辅之以履行顺位、当事人的履行行为、利益关系等因素;存疑时,应推定为保证而非债务加入。《民法典》第552条关于债务加入的规定略显简单,其规则的具体适用须结合保证及连带债务的相关规定予以展开。《民法典》中关于保证人主体资格的限制对债务加入人应予适用,且债务加入协议应满足书面形式的要求;债务加入人享有原债务人对债权人的抗辩权、因加入债务而产生的抗辩权、因债务自身瑕疵而产生的抗辩权等权利。但是,保证的部分规则在债务加入中不能适用,如保证期间、对债务人的追偿权、债权人放弃债务人的物保时保证人责任的当然免除,以及诉讼中的管辖和当事人地位的确认规则等。此外,债务加入与保证、物的担保及差额补足、到期回购、流动性支持等增信措施具有并存、交叉运用的可能,可以参照共同担保或再担保的规则来处理。
Joint assumption of debt,as a credit enhancement measure to expand the chances of repayment of creditor s rights,has the function of guarantee but is not a typical way of guarantee.The distinction between joint assumption of debt and guarantee should be given priority to the literal meaning of the wording,supplemented by factors such as the order of performance,the performance of the parties,and the relationship of interest.It should be presumed to be a guarantee rather than a joint assumption of debt when in doubt.The provisions of Article 552 of the Civil Code on the addition of debts are somewhat simple,and the specific application of the rules must be carried out in conjunction with the relevant provisions of guarantees and joint and several debts.The restrictions on the subject qualification of the guarantor in the Civil Code shall apply to the debtor,and the joint assumption of debt agreement shall meet the requirements of written form;the debtor shall enjoy the original debtor s right of defense against the creditor,the right of defense arising from joining the debt,the right of defense and other rights arising from the defects of the debt itself.However,some of the rules of guarantee cannot be applied in the joint assumption of debt,such as the guarantee period,the right of recovery from the debtor,the exemption of the guarantor s liability when the creditor waives the debtor s property guarantee,and the jurisdiction in litigation and the rules for confirming the status of the parties.In addition,credit enhancement measures have the possibility of coexistence and cross application,which can be dealt with by referring to the rules of joint guarantee or re-guarantee,such as joint assumption of debt and guarantees,property guarantees and balance supplements,maturity repurchases,liquidity support,etc.
作者
刘保玉
梁远高
Liu Baoyu;Liang Yuangao(School of Juris Master,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,P.R.China;School of Civil and Commercial Economic Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,P.R.China)
出处
《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期121-131,共11页
Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目重点课题“民法典编纂中担保法的制度整合与规则完善”(17SFB1007)
中国政法大学科研创新项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目)“民法典视角下担保期间及其与诉讼时效的衔接适用研究”(20ZFG82007)。
关键词
民法典
债务加入
增信措施
(连带责任)保证
类推适用
The Civil Code
Joint assumption of debt
Credit enhancement measures
Joint liability guarantee
Application by analogy
