摘要
基于优化营商环境的政策目标,我国《民法典》就所有权保留买卖交易制度体现着明显的担保功能化转向,对其中出卖人所保留的所有权的内容作了严格限定,使之成为不同于完全所有权的担保性所有权,在物权法定主义之下丰富了所有权的类型。登记对抗主义的引入系为了满足出卖人担保性所有权的公示需要,是增加交易的透明度和确定性、维护交易安全的技术工具。登记也进一步地成了判断所有权保留买卖交易与其他担保交易之间优先顺位的客观标准,《民法典》第414-416条所确立的优先顺位规则体系对于所有权保留买卖交易均得准用或者类推适用。在将出卖人就标的物的权利界定为担保性所有权的情形之下,买受人自有处分标的物的权利,但这并不妨害在买受人不当处分标的物且造成出卖人损害的情形之下,出卖人实现其所有权。《民法典》上“取回-回赎-再出卖-清算”的出卖人权利救济规则,在强化自力救济路径的同时,进一步体现着功能主义导向。相关救济措施的解释论,亦应在担保物权实现的规则体系之下寻求妥适的解释结论。
Based on the policy objective of optimizing the business environment,the retention-of-title transaction system in the Civil Code of China reflects a clear shift towards the functionalism in the security field,which strictly limits the content of the seller's retained ownership,making it a security ownership different from full ownership,and enriching the types of ownership under the doctrine of numerus clausus.The introduction of registration effective as against others is aimed to meet the need for publicity of the seller's security title,and a technical tool to increase the transparency and certainty of transactions and to maintain the transaction security.Registration has further become an objective criterion for determining the priority between retention-of-title transactions and other security transactions,and the system of priority rules established in Articles 414-416 of the Civil Code is applicable to retention-of-title transactions by mutatis mutandis or by analogy.Where the seller's rights in the subject matter are defined as security title,the buyer should have the right to dispose of the subject matter,but this does not prevent the seller from realizing its right in the event that the buyer improperly disposes of the subject matter to the seller's detriment.The seller's right remedy rule of"repossession-redeem-resale-liquidation"in the Civil Code further reflects a functionalist orientation while strengthening the path of self-remedy.The interpretation of the relevant remedies should also be sought under the system of rules for the realization of security rights.
出处
《法学评论》
北大核心
2023年第3期1-14,共14页
Law Review
基金
国家社会科学基金年度项目“民法典动产担保交易规则的规范构造与解释适用研究”(项目编号:22BFX071)的阶段性成果
关键词
所有权保留买卖交易
功能主义
取回权
超优先顺位
清算法理
Retention-of-title Transaction
Functionalism
the Right to Repossession
Super Priority
the Theory of Liquidation
