摘要
实践中差额补足协议的法律适用尤为混乱,原因在于对其定性不清。差额补足协议的定性主要存在保证合同说、债务加入说、独立合同说三种观点,司法裁判并未形成一致认识。差额补足协议是具有担保功能的无名合同,依据《民法典担保制度解释》第36条的规定,其极易被认定为保证合同。但差额补足协议与保证合同既相似又相异,其与债务加入更是相去甚远,故应将其认定为非典型保证合同,以实现实质担保观在非典型人的担保领域的贯彻,并为交易实践中不断产生的其他增信措施之定性提供指引。差额补足协议在主体资格及合同订立形式、债务移转、反担保、公司对外担保等规则方面应类推适用保证合同,在保证从属性、保证方式推定、保证期间、保证人抗辩权等方面则不宜类推适用。差额补足协议等非典型保证与保证共用规则,能够映射非典型担保与典型担保规则的体系化,最终为“实质的担保总则”的抽取提供一个侧面。
In practice,the legal application of the law to difference making up agreement is particularly confusing,because of its unclear nature.There are three kinds of opinions on the quality of the difference making up agreement:guarantee contract theory,debt joining theory and independent contract theory,and judicial judgments have not reached a consensus.The difference making up agreement is an anonymous contract with security function,which is easily identified as a guarantee contract according to Article 36 of the Guarantee System Interpretation of the Civil Code.However,there are both similarities and differences between the difference making up agreement and the guarantee contract,and it is also very different from the debt addition,so it should be identified as an atypical guarantee contract to realize the implementation of the substantive guarantee concept in the field of the guarantee of atypical people,and to provide guidance for the characterization of other credit enhancement measures that are constantly generated in transaction practice.The difference making up agreement shall apply the rules of guarantee contract by analogy in terms of the qualification of the subject and the form of contract formation,the rules relating to debt transfer,the rules of counter-guarantee,the rules of the company's external guarantee,etc.,but not in terms of the subordination of guarantee,the presumption of guarantee mode,the period of guarantee,and the defense rights of the guarantor.The common rules of atypical guarantee and guarantee,such as the difference making up agreement,can reflect the systematization of atypical guarantee and typical guarantee rules,and ultimately provide an aspect for the extraction of"substantial general guarantee rules".
出处
《北方法学》
北大核心
2023年第5期79-91,共13页
Northern Legal Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“非典型担保的构造及其法律规制研究”(22AFX016)
2020年黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划一般项目“黑龙江自贸区仲裁纠纷解决机制创新研究”(20FXB123)
黑龙江大学教改项目“新时代涉外仲裁人才培养模式研究”的阶段性成果。
关键词
差额补足协议
实质担保观
非典型保证
保证合同
类推适用
agreement to make up the difference
substantive guarantee view
atypical warranty guaranty contract
application by analogy
