摘要
本文详细考察和比较了都市户籍移民和流动人口分配公平感形塑过程中参照群体选择及相对位置效应的内在逻辑,揭示了社会比较机制的具体作用机理。研究发现,在报告分配公平感时,户籍身份成为都市移民选择参照对象的制度性基础,拥有都市户口者方可成为户籍移民的参照对象,而流动人口的参照群体更为开放和多元,倾向于与所有都市常住居民进行比较。与此同时,即便考虑到社会网络结构、迁移时长、迁移世代等因素,结论仍具稳健性,来源地居民均不会被二者视为参照群体。另一方面,实证结果显示,相对位置距离对分配公平感的形塑作用之于户籍移民和流动人口并无显著差异,同时呈现非对称性特征:参照优势地位者体现了"平等主义"心态,参照劣势地位者则表现出"损失厌恶"的特征;相对位置距离的拉大给参照劣势者因损失带来的厌恶情绪大于参照优势者因获益而产生的满足感知。
By examining and comparing the specific logic of reference group selection and the effect of relative position of permanent migrants and floating population in Chinese metropolis,this paper reveals the mechanism of microperceptions of distributive justice from the perspective of social comparison theory.Three types of reference groups of homogeneous reference,origin reference and native reference are constructed for this study in order to answer the question of"to whom the reference is made".Also by using the contrast of satisfaction desirability and loss aversion,the study explores the psychological aspect of"how the comparison is made".To the former question,the finding indicates that in reporting distributive justice perception,hukou status is the institutional basis for reference dependence.Those holding metropolis hukou become the reference objects for permanent migrants,while floating migrants are more likely to treat all metropolis residents as one reference group.Origin reference groups are not selected by both permanent and floating migrants as a reference point even after elements like social network structures,migration years,migration intergeneration,and etc.are taken into consideration.To the question of "how comparison is made",the study finds that the relative position gap creates an asymmetric effect among both permanent and floating migrants.Migrants with superior positions tend to show some egalitarian sentiment while those with lesser positions display "loss aversion",whose sense of dissatisfaction is much stronger than the satisfaction felt by the former group.The comparative analysis of this study has practical implications for the management of migrant population in Chinese metropolis.
作者
王元腾
WANG Yuanteng(School of Sociology and Poltical Science, Shanghai Universty)
出处
《社会》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期203-240,共38页
Chinese Journal of Sociology
关键词
分配公平感
参照群体
相对位置
都市移民
户籍移民
流动人口
perceptions of distributive justice
reference groups
relative position
migrants in Chinese metropolis
permanent migrants
floating population
