摘要
当前我国STEM教育存在一些典型问题:过分关注技术而不遵循教育规律;学生只会模仿教师的操作,没有真正体验知识获得的过程;缺乏基于证据进行推理的过程导致学生科学意识不强;缺少过程性数据来验证学生的创新学习能力提升以及创新学习发生;缺少对学生知识掌握水平和能力素养评估导致STEM教育沦为一种职业技术培训。基于证据的学习理论为解决STEM教育问题提供了思路。它是为解决特定学习问题而运用一些证据验证假设、发现并得出解决问题方案的一种学习范式;强调关注学生的学习过程,基于证据来呈现学习结果并由此证明学习活动及学习成效已经发生。基于该理念构建的证据导向的STEM教学模式,强调在设计问题或项目时注重知识的内在逻辑以及跨学科整合性;强调要以发展学生关键能力和核心素养为目标,积极开展形成性评价和表现性评价;强调要充分发挥大数据、人工智能等新一代信息技术的作用,创设良好的学习证据生成、采集、分析、利用的数据驱动的教学环境。实践案例表明:基于证据的学习有助于推进跨学科知识融合的STEM教育,帮助学生夯实科学、技术、工程和数学等知识基础,提升其创新精神与实践能力,实现创新型、创业型人才的培养。
At present, there are some typical problems in STEM education: teachers are paying excessive attention to technology without following the laws of education;students tend to imitate the teachers without experiencing knowledge-acquiring process;students lack scientific awareness with few evidence-based reasoning activities;there is too little learning process data to represent students’ creative abilities and innovative learning;and the STEM education is reduced to vocational training for the lack of assessments of academic achievement and key competence. The evidence-based learning theory could provide some solutions to these problems. It is a kind of learning paradigm that can verify the hypothesis, come up with solutions to problems with learning evidence, and it focuses on students’ learning processes, representing students’ learning status and proves the effectiveness of evidence-based innovative learning by the use of learning evidence. Based on this theory, the evidence-oriented STEM instructional model has been built, which emphasizes the knowledge logic and utilizing evidence while designing problems or projects. It insists on carrying out formative evaluation and performance evaluation actively in order to develop students’ key competence, and giving full play to the role of some advanced information technology such as big data and artificial intelligence to create a good data-driven learning environment in order to support the generation, collection, analysis and utilization of learning evidence. Some practice has shown that evidence-based learning is beneficial for students to promote the interdisciplinary knowledge integration, to consolidate the knowledge base of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, to improve innovative spirits and practical abilities, and eventually to realize the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents.
作者
余胜泉
吴斓
YU Shengquan;WU Lan
出处
《现代远程教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期20-31,84,共13页
Modern Distance Education Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“基于证据的学习方法机理与国际比较研究”（71641017）
北京师范大学学生科研基金项目“证据导向的STEM教育过程性评估机制的研究”（1812205）
关键词
基于证据的学习
证据导向
STEM
教育
教学模式
Evidence-Based Learning
Evidence-Oriented
STEM Education
Instructional Model
