摘要
本文以中国境内的592个民族语语档为考察对象,采用ASJP模式相似度计算的方法,从语言群的内部差异与语言群之间的外部关联两个方面探讨民族语的各方面表现与特点。在所考察的语档中,中国境内语言差异最大的是云南剑川金华白语和贵州锦屏偶里苗语。从语系来看,内部差异最大的是汉藏语系,最小的是印欧语系;从语族来看,内部差异最大的是印度尼西亚语族,最小的是满—通古斯语族。在语言群的外部关联方面,从语系的层面看,中国境内各个语系之间的距离都很远,其中最远的是南亚语系与印欧语系,最近的是南亚语系与南岛语系。从语族的层面看,满—通古斯语族与伊朗语族的距离最远,蒙古语族与满—通古斯语族的距离最近。如果将汉语考虑在内,则是汉语与突厥语族的距离最远,汉语与混合语的距离最近。更全面地看各个语言群之间的关系,汉语、藏缅语族、苗瑶语族的距离相对较近,壮侗语族与这三个语言群的距离较远。
This paper takes 592 minority language doculects in China as the research materials,and uses the similarity calculation method of ASJP to explore the performance and characteristics of ethnic minority language groups from the two aspects of internal differences and external relevancies.Among the language doculects investigated,the languages that are most dissimilar in China are the Jinhua Bai language in Jianchuan,Yunnan,and the Ouli Miao language in Jinping,Guizhou.From the perspective of language families,the internal differences among the Sino-Tibetan languages are the biggest,while those among the Indo-European languages are the smallest.From the perspective of language branches,the internal differences among the Indonesian languages are the biggest,while those among the Manchu-Tungusic languages are the smallest.In terms of external relevancies,from the perspective of language families,various language families in China are to a great extent far from each other in linguistic distances,among which the farthest distance pairwise is between the Austroasiatic and the Indo-European languages,and the relatively closest distance pairwise is between the Austroasiatic and the Austronesian languages.From the perspective of language branches,the distance between the Manchu-Tungusic and the Indo-Iranian languages is the farthest,while that between the Mongolic and the Manchu-Tungusic languages is the closest.When the Sinitic languages are included,the distance between the Sinitic and the Turkic languages is the farthest,while that between the Sinitic and the mixed languages is the closest.From a comprehensive perspective,the distances between the Sinitic,the Tibeto-Burman,and the Miao-Yao language branches are relatively close,while the Tai-Kadai branch is far from all other three branches in terms of linguistic distance.
作者
冉启斌
王帅
Ran Qibin;Wang Shuai
出处
《民族语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期3-16,共14页
Minority Languages of China
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国境内语言核心词汇声学数据库及计算研究(19ZDA300)”的成果之一。
关键词
中国民族语言
相似度
语言距离
内部差异
外部关联
ethnic minority languages in China
similarity
linguistic distance
internal difference external relevancy
