摘要
本文基于2017年甘肃省15个贫困村的调查数据,运用倾向得分匹配法,研究了贫困地区农村男性和女性劳动力在不同教育阶段的教育回报。研究结果表明,贫困地区农村教育的收入效应较强并具有一定的代际传递效应,尤其是女性的受教育水平对子女接受高中和大学阶段教育具有显著的正向效应;贫困地区农村的教育收益率具有显著的性别差异,女性在初中、高中和大学阶段教育上获得的教育回报显著高于男性,但在小学阶段教育上获得的教育回报显著低于男性,两者高中阶段教育回报最高;进一步开展反事实分析,比较参与者平均处理效应(ATT)和非参与者平均处理效应(ATU)发现,部分能力较高的劳动力具有获得更高收入的潜质,却未能接受更高层次、更好质量的教育,且这一现象多体现在女性劳动力中。因此,推动贫困地区高中教育的发展,发掘女性在精准脱贫中的潜力,消除高能力贫困学生的入学障碍,可能有助于进一步发挥教育在反贫困中的作用。
Based on survey data from 15 impoverished villages in Gansu Province in 2017,this article uses a propensity score matching method to examine the economic returns to education for rural male and female workforce in poor areas in different educational stages.The results show that,first of all,rural education in poverty-stricken areas has a strong income effect and a certain intergenerational transmission effect.Particularly,women's education achievement has a significant positive effect on their children to receive high school and college education.Second,there is a clear gender difference in the rate of returns to education in impoverished rural areas.Females have significant higher economic returns to education in junior high schools,high schools and colleges than those of males,but lower economic returns to primary education.For both females and males,they receive the highest returns in high schools.Third,further counterfactual analysis finds that,by comparing the average treatment effect on the treated(ATT)and the average treatment effect on the untreated(ATU),part of workforce with higher capacities have the potential to obtain higher incomes,but they fail to receive a higher level of education with better quality.This phenomenon is mostly reflected in the female workforce.Therefore,measures such as promoting high school education in poverty-stricken areas,discovering female potentials in poverty alleviation,and removing the barriers to education entry for poor students with high potentials,may lead education to play a role in fighting against poverty.
作者
张永丽
李青原
郭世慧
Zhang Yongli;Li Qingyuan;Guo Shihui
出处
《中国农村经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第9期110-130,共21页
Chinese Rural Economy
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"人口转变
结构转型与反贫困战略调整研究"(项目编号:71541043)资助
关键词
贫困地区
农村
教育收益率
性别差异
教育扶贫
Poor Area
Rural Area
Returns to Education
Gender Difference
Education and Poverty Alleviation
