摘要
目的:研究读写双困难儿童和听写困难儿童在认知能力方面的差异。方法:在本横断面研究中,运用多重比较评估法分别对21名读写困难学生、20名听写困难学生和26名生理年龄匹配的对照组学生进行语音意识测验、语素意识测验和视知觉能力测验。结果:读写双困难组儿童的语音意识测验、语素意识测验得分均低于对照组[(-0.85±2.05)vs.(0.69±1.78),(20.7±2.8)vs.(22.8±1.8);均P<0.05];读写双困难组儿童的视知觉记忆能力和视动统合能力得分均低于对照组[(7.2±2.4)vs.(8.6±1.8),(13.6±4.4)vs.(17.5±4.7);均P<0.05],听写困难组儿童的视知觉辨别能力和视知觉记忆能力得分低于对照组[(2.8±1.6)vs.(4.1±1.4),(7.3±2.4)vs.(8.6±1.8);均P<0.05]。结论:视觉辨别和视觉短时记忆等功能的损伤是听写困难儿童特异性的认知缺陷,而语音、语义功能缺损则是读写双重困难儿童的重要特征。
Objective： To investigate differences in cognitive deficits between reading-spelling difficulty and spelling difficulty. Methods： In this cross-sectional study, 21 children with reading-spelling difficulty, 20 children with spelling difficulty, and 26 normal children were selected. Cognitive skills of children with reading-spelling difficulty and spelling difficulty such as phonological awareness, visual processing ability and morphological awareness were assessed. Results： Children with reading-spelling difficulty got lower score than control group in phonological awareness and morphological awareness [ （ - 0. 85 ± 2.05 ） vs. （ 0. 69 ± 1.78 ）, （ 20.7 ± 2. 8 ） vs. （ 22. 8 ± 1.8 ） ; both P 〈 0. 05 ], and they also performed worse in visual short-term memory and visual-motor integration [ （ 7.2 ± 2.4 ） vs. （ 8.6 ± 1.8 ）, （ 13.6 ± 4. 4 ） vs. （ 17.5 ± 4. 7 ） ; both P 〈 0. 05 ] . Children with spelling difficulty got lower scores than control group in visual discrimination skills and visual short-term memory task [ （ 2. 8 ± 1.6 ） vs. [ 4. 1 ± 1.4 ）, [ 7. 3 ± 2.4 ） vs. （ 8.6 ± 1.8 ） ; both P 〈 0. 05 ] . Conclusion： Deficits in visual discrimination and visual short-term memory are special deficits in children with spelling difficulty, and deficits in phonological and morphological function are the main features in ehidren with reading-spelling difficulty.
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第1期40-43,共4页
Chinese Mental Health Journal
基金
2006年国家社科基金(06BY021)
关键词
认知缺陷
多重评估
听写困难
读写困难
心理词典
横断面研究
cognitive deficit
multiple assessments
spelling difficulty
reading-spelling difficulty
mental lexicon
cross-sectional study
