摘要
与文本传承的《诗经》不同,最近,诗经文化传承基地成员在西南六省发现了一首名为《蓼莪》的活态诗经。作为一首产生于2500年前的诗歌,能以活态形式传承至今,即或在世界文学界也不多见。活态诗经《蓼莪》的发现,对我们重新认识历史上的《诗经》具有重要的学术意义。活态诗经《蓼莪》的发现告诉我们,首先,从体裁上看,历史上的《蓼莪》并不是我们今天在书本上看到的只能用于朗诵的诗歌,而是一首专门用于吟唱的民歌。其次,从功能上看,今天出现在丧葬仪式上的《蓼莪》,也不是某个人的个人创作,而是一首只能出现在丧葬仪式上的丧葬仪式歌。最后,从传承主体看,《蓼莪》也不是人人都能吟唱的民歌,其传承者、演唱者只能是那些活跃在丧葬仪式上的巫师。《蓼莪》之所以能以活态形式传承至今,汉地道教在中国西南地区的广泛传播以及明清以来上述地区“改土归流”政策的实施,对这首仪式歌在西南地区的广泛传播发挥了重要作用。没有汉地道教在中国大西南的广泛传播,没有明清两朝在上述地区“改土归流”政策的推动,《蓼莪》是很难进入大西南并以活态形式传承至今的。
Unlike the textual inheritance of the Book of Songs,recently,members of the Book of Songs Cultural Inheritance Base discovered a living Book of Songs called“Lu E”in six southwestern provinces.As a poem that originated 2500 years ago,it is rare for it to be passed down in a living form,even in the world literary community.The discovery of the living form of the Book of Songs,“Lu E”,has important academic significance for us to re-examine the historical Book of Songs.Firstly,the discovery of the living“Lu E”reveals that historically“Lu E”was not a poem intended for recitation,as seen in books today,but rather a folk song specifically meant for singing.Secondly,in terms of function,the“Lu E”performed in funeral rituals today is neither a personal creation nor a mourning poem that anyone can sing,instead it is a funeral ritual song that is exclusive to such ceremonies.Finally,from the perspective of the inheritors,“Lu E”is not a folk song that anyone can perform;its performers and inheritors are limited to shamans active in funeral rituals.The driving force behind the continued living transmission of“Lu E”lies in the extensive spread of Han Taoism throughout southwestern China and the implementation of the“Gaitu Guiliu”(replacing native chieftains with government officials)policy in the region since the Ming and Qing dynasties.These factors played an essential role in the widespread dissemination and preservation of this ritual song in southwestern China.Without the widespread influence of Han Taoism and the promotion of the“Gaitu Guiliu”policy,it would have been difficult for“Lu E”to enter southwestern China and survive in a living form to this day.
作者
苑利
毛玲
张雄
YUAN Li;MAO Ling;ZHANG Xiong
出处
《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第10期102-109,185,共9页
Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)
