高校青年教师心理压力的生成机制及调适策略——基于社会支持理论视角被引量：7

The Sources and Adjustment Strategies of Psychological Stress of Young Teachers in Universities:an Analytical Perspective of Social Support Theory

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摘要在教学科研和学生工作考核的压力型体制下,心理压力已成为高校青年教师工作生活的一个特点。从“社会支持理论”的视角探究高校青年教师的心理压力与调适策略,具有重要的现实意义。通过对H大学青年教师的深入访谈和问卷调查发现,在心理压力表现上,不少青年教师心理和身体状态欠佳且伴有慢性疾病;疲劳感、焦躁感、情绪化等是“青椒群体”心理压力的典型表现,并且教学科研岗青年教师的心理压力往往更为突出。在压力来源上,教学科研岗青年教师主要受学校“非升即走”的政策压力、教研经验的欠缺、个人对职业前景的不确定性等因素影响;学生工作岗青年教师的心理压力则主要由学校层面的高工作负荷、学生管理层面的多重压力、个人的知识危机感与职业再选择等方面的因素所致。因此,有必要从“社会、学校、个人”三个维度探究高校青年教师的心理压力调适策略,通过优化教师评价体系、整合学校资源、增强外部支持、升级个人资源等举措,真正有效调适“青椒们”的心理压力。 Under the pressure system of teaching and research assessment in universities,psychological stress has become a universal feature of young teachers work and life.From the perspective of social support theory,through in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys of young teachers at the H University,this paper explores the psychological pressure of young university teachers and adjustment strategies from three dimensions of“society,school and individual”.It is found that nearly one-third of young teachers are in poor health and have chronic diseases.Fatigue and irritability are typical manifestations of young teachers.At the same time,the psychological pressure on young teachers in teaching and research posts is much higher than that in students work posts.In terms of pressure sources,young teachers in teaching and research posts mainly come from the policy pressure of up-or-out,low experience in teaching and research,and personal uncertainty about career prospects.The psychological pressure of young teachers in student work posts is mainly caused by high workload at the school level,multiple pressure on the management level,personal sense of knowledge crisis and career reselection.Therefore,it is necessary to rebuild the teacher evaluation system,integrate social resources,enhance external support,upgrade personal resources and take other measures to effectively adjust the psychological pressure on young teachers in universities.

作者武小龙杨耀勇 WU Xiaolong;YANG Yaoyong(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院

出处《教师教育学报》 2022年第5期135-145,共11页 Journal of Teacher Education

基金南京航空航天大学教育科学与改革研究专项课题“后疫情时代高校教师‘探究型-混合式’教学模式的常态化设计与实践研究”(2020JYKX-61),项目负责人:武小龙南京航空航天大学研究生教育教学改革研究项目“‘双一流’目标驱动下研究生多学科交叉协同培养模式及实践研究”(2021YJXGG29),项目负责人:武小龙。

关键词青年教师心理压力社会支持压力来源调适策略 young teachers psychological stress social support sources of stress adjustment strategy

分类号 G647 [文化科学—高等教育学]