摘要
目的了解扬州市部分修造船厂噪声接触电焊工人高频听力损失情况,为制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法从扬州友好医院职业卫生健康检查系统中提取2020年扬州市部分修造船厂在扬州友好医院进行在岗期间职业健康检查的1028名噪声接触电焊工人的资料,分析高频听力损失情况及其影响因素。结果2020年扬州市部分修造船厂1028名噪声接触电焊工人的双耳高频听力损失检出150人,检出率为14.59%;语频听力损失检出101人,检出率为9.82%。左耳各个频率(500、1000、2000、3000、4000、6000 Hz)听阈、左耳语频平均听阈和左耳高频平均听阈异常检出率均高于右耳(均P<0.01)。男性高频听力损失检出率高于女性,男、女性高频听力损失分别为148和2例,检出率分别为15.53%和2.67%(P<0.01)。随着年龄和接噪工龄的增加,高频听力损失检出率呈趋势性增高(χ^(2)_(趋势)=56.205、13.103,均P<0.01),但接噪工龄<3年的<30岁工人高频听力损失明显。不同吸烟和饮酒程度的工人高频听力损失率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(趋势)=15.257、46.092,均P<0.01);男性、高年龄、经常吸烟、经常饮酒及长工龄均是修造船厂噪声接触电焊工人发生高频听力损失的独立危险因素(均P<0.01)。结论扬州市部分修造船厂噪声接触电焊工人左耳的听力异常较右耳严重,高频听力损失明显;性别、年龄、工龄、吸烟和饮酒均是噪声接触工人高频听力损失的危险因素。修造船厂应按规定落实用人单位职业卫生主体责任,定期组织职业健康检查,加大对噪声接触电焊工人的健康教育和健康促进,做好职业健康监护,以保护工人的职业安全健康。
Objective To understand the high frequency hearing loss of welding workers exposed to noise in some shipyards in Yangzhou City,provide a reference for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods From the occupational health examination system of Yangzhou Friendship Hospital,the data of on-the-job occupational health examination of 1028 noiseexposed welding workers in some shipyards in Yangzhou City were extracted to analyze the high-frequency hearing loss and its influencing factors.Results In 2020,there were 150 people with bilateral high frequency hearing loss among 1028 noise-exposed welding workers in some shipyards in Yangzhou City,with a detection rate of 14.59%,and 101 people with speech frequency hearing loss,with a detection rate of 9.82%.The detection rate of abnormal hearing threshold of each frequency(500,1000,2000,3000,4000,6000 Hz)of the left ear,the speech frequency average hearing threshold of the left ear,and the high frequency average hearing threshold of the left ear were all higher than those of the right ear(all P<0.01).The detection rate of high frequency hearing loss in men was higher than that in women.There were 148 and 2 cases of high frequency hearing loss in men and women respectively,and the detection rate was 15.53%and 2.67%(P<0.01).With the increase of age and working years,the detection rate of high frequency hearing loss tended to increase(χ^(2)_(trend)=56.205,13.103,both P<0.01),but the high frequency hearing loss was obvious in workers under 30 years old who have been working for noise less than three years.There were statistically significant differences in the rate of high frequency hearing loss among workers with different smoking and drinking levels(χ^(2)_(trend)=15.257,46.092,both P<0.01).The male,older age,frequent smoking,frequent drinking,and long working years were all independent risk factors for high frequency hearing loss of welding workers exposed to noise in shipyards(all P<0.01).Conclusion The hearing abnormalities in the left ear of the welding worker
作者
朱明惠
ZHU Ming-hui(Department of Occupational Hygiene,Yangzhou Friendship Hospital,Yangzhou Jiangsu,225200,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2022年第14期1873-1876,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
电焊工人
职业健康检查
噪声
听力损失
高频
语频
职业性噪声聋
Welding workers
Occupational health examination
Noise
Hearing loss
High frequency
Speech frequency
Occupational noise deafness
