摘要
科技是第一生产力,当世界越来越注重技术权力之时,大国博弈也进入新阶段。自冷战结束后,历届美国政府均致力于强化自身在高科技领域的竞争力,从而维系其世界领先地位。随着新一轮技术革命影响的深化以及中国技术权力的崛起,美国自拜登政府执政以来开始推行“小院高墙”的科技竞争战略。相比特朗普政府的“全面脱钩”模式,这一战略更凸显精准打击、政府支持、重视安全和依托盟友等特征。“小院高墙”的规则环境源于相关科技领域的规则缺位和治理赤字,底层逻辑则是围绕技术性权力的博弈。这一模式的成功推行需要美国在保持自身技术创新的同时抑制他国科技进步,体现出科技竞争安全化的趋势。在推行其政策时,拜登政府在国际和国内层面均存在一定的掣肘。“小院高墙”战略在某种程度上改变了国际科技竞争环境,也对中国的科技发展提出了诸多新挑战。
Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.When the world pays more and more attention to technological power,the game of great powers has also entered into a new stage.Since the end of the Cold War,successive U.S.administrations have committed to strengthening the U.S.competitiveness in the high-tech field to maintain the U.S.leading position in the world.With the deepening of the influence of a new round of technological revolution and the rise of China’s technological power,the United States has implemented a“small yard,high fence”technology competition strategy since the Biden administration came to power.Compared with the“comprehensive decoupling”model of the Trump administration,this strategy highlights the characteristics of precise strikes,government support,emphasis on security and reliance on allies.“Small yard,high fence”follows the logic of the game of technical powers,takes place in the absence of rules and governance deficits in the relevant scientific and technological fields.The successful implementation of this model requires the United States to maintain its own technological innovation while restraining the technological progress of other countries,reflecting the trend of securitization of technological competition.The Biden administration faces both international and domestic constraints in pursuing such policies.The“small yard,high fence”strategy has changed the international science and technology competition environment to some extent and posed many new challenges to China’s science and technology development.
作者
黄日涵
高恩泽
HUANG Rihan;GAO Enze
出处
《外交评论（外交学院学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期133-154,I0005,共23页
Foreign Affairs Review
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“基于‘一带一路’理念传播视角下的新媒体时代增强中国国际话语权研究”(项目编号:21AGJ007)的阶段性成果
2019年中宣部宣传思想文化青年英才项目资助。
关键词
美国
拜登政府
科技竞争
小院高墙
技术权力
中美关系
the United States
Biden administration
technology competition
“small yard
high fence”
technological power
China-U.S.relations
