摘要
离婚财产分割协议的物权变动规则在理论和实务上争议较大,迄今未有定论。离婚财产分割协议的物权变动在物权法的体系定位中属于基于法律行为发生的物权变动。从婚姻关系当事人内部关系的视角看,支持意思主义物权变动模式的理由无法提供有说服力的理论依据,而且通过文义解释、体系解释、目的解释和比较法考察的方法,均可得出离婚财产分割协议不具有直接发生物权变动效力的结论。从婚姻关系当事人与第三人外部关系的视角看,无论将意思主义模式中的登记对抗解释为离婚财产分割协议本身的登记,还是将其解释为特定财产物权变动的登记都存在无法解决的弊病。此外,形式主义模式对婚姻关系当事人的保护也并不比意思主义模式逊色。因此,离婚财产分割协议的物权变动应当遵循《民法典》物权编的一般物权变动规则采形式主义模式,而不因婚姻关系的特殊性构成物权编规则的例外,由此也有利于《民法典》婚姻家庭编与物权编的互动与协调。
The variations of real rights of divorce property division agreements are controversial both in theory and practice,yet less attention has been paid to them.The variations of real rights of divorce property division agreements belong to the variations of real rights owing to legal acts.From the perspective of the internal relationships of the marital parties,the arguments in favour of the mode of will do not provide persuasive support,moreover,the applications of the literal,systemic and purposive interpretations and of the comparative law analysis all lead to the conclusion that divorce property division agreements do not have the effect of a direct variation of real rights.From the perspective of the external relationships between the marital party and the third party,whether the“registration”in the mode of will is interpreted as the registration of the divorce property division agreement itself or as the registration of a variation of real rights of a particular property,there are insurmountable drawbacks.Besides,the protection of the marital parties in the mode of formalism is not inferior to that in the mode of will.Therefore,the variations of real rights of divorce property division agreements shall follow the general rule of the Real Rights Book in the Civil Code adopting the mode of formalism rather than constituting an exception,thus it also facilitates the interaction and coordination between the Marriage and Family Book and the Real Rights Book of the Civil Code.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期112-125,共14页
Law Science
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“体系视角下婚姻家庭关系法律适用问题研究”(18CFX075)
中国人权研究会部级课题“民法典离婚财产分割和离婚救济制度之价值判断与适用标准”(CSHRS2020-21YB)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
离婚财产分割协议
物权变动
意思主义
形式主义
登记对抗
divorce property division agreements
variations of real rights
the mode of will
the mode of formalism
the registration confrontation
