摘要
目的了解郑州市狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后处置监测情况,为狂犬病消除提供科学依据。方法选取2015—2020年郑州市狂犬病暴露人群流行病学监测资料进行分析。结果2015—2020年共监测狂犬病暴露病例507353例,男女性别比为1.34∶1。15~<30岁青年最多,140262例(27.65%);暴露高峰为7—8月有130913例(25.80%);致伤动物以犬类为最多389865例(76.84%);暴露者到狂犬病处置门诊处理为主436660例(86.07%);暴露分级以Ⅱ级为主有337177例(66.46%)。全程接种人用狂犬病疫苗的398341例(78.51%),注射过狂犬被动免疫制剂的368386例,占Ⅲ级暴露的22.33%。12458例全程完成疫苗接种的狂犬病暴露者血清免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)抗体阳性率为89.16%。结论郑州市狂犬病暴露率较高,暴露后规范处置率较低,应加强狂犬病健康教育和狂犬病门诊规范化建设,不断加强犬只管理和免疫预防,减少狂犬病危险因素的发生。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and post-exposure prophylaxis of human rabies in Zhengzhou,and to provide scientific evidence for the elimination of rabies.Methods The epidemiological monitoring data of post-exposure prophylaxis of human rabies were collected and analyzed in Zhengzhou from 2015 to 2020.Results A total of 507353 post-exposure cases were monitored from 2015 to 2020,with male to female ratio of 1.34∶1.Majority of cases(27.65%)were 15-<30 years old and 25.80%of cases appeared from July to August.Dogs were the most common animals involved,dog bites or scratch contributed to 76.84%of total cases.After exposure,86.07%were treated in specified rabies treatment clinics.Majority of exposures were categoryⅡ,accounting for 66.46%.398341 cases(78.51%)received two doses of human rabies vaccine,and 368386 cases were injected with human rabies immune globulin(HRIG),accounting for 22.33%of cases with categoryⅢexposure.Among those who received 2 doses of vaccine,89.16%were IgG antibody positive.Conclusions The exposure rate of rabies in Zhengzhou is high,while the rate of standardized post-exposure prophylaxis is low.Dogs are the main source of human rabies infection.Therefore,dog management and immune prevention should be strengthened.Meanwhile,rabies health education approach should also be promoted in order to prevent the occurrence of human cases.
作者
陈巧格
邵玉普
杨国俊
李国伟
曲振宇
易海莉
韩同武
CHEN Qiao-ge;SHAO Yu-pu;YANG Guo-jun;LI Guo-wei;QU Zhen-yu;YI Hai-li;HAN Tong-wu(Henan Medical College of Basic Medical Science,Zhengzhou,Henan 451191,China)
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期407-410,共4页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
2018年度河南省科技计划项目(182102310090)
河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(20B330002)。
关键词
狂犬病
暴露人群
监测
Rabies
Exposed population
Monitoring
