摘要
目的分析西安市第九医院2019年犬伤门诊所有狂犬病暴露患者致伤情况、暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后处置情况,为狂犬病防治策略的制定提供科学依据。方法选取西安市第九医院犬伤门诊2019年1月至12月的2048例狂犬病暴露者作为研究对象。分析暴露者的性别、年龄、暴露分级、受伤部位、致伤动物、伤口处理情况、咬伤时间、狂犬疫苗及狂犬病人免疫球蛋白的及时接种情况(<12 h、12~24 h、>24 h),比较不同接种方案的规范接种情况。结果暴露者的受伤部位主要是上下肢。各年龄段的女性患者均多于男性。致伤动物主要以猫和犬为主。67.19%的暴露者选择冲洗伤口,32.81%的暴露者拒绝处理伤口。暴露者中第二和第三季度人数多于第一和第四季度。12 h内接种狂犬病疫苗的暴露者占73.63%,12 h内接种狂犬病人免疫球蛋白的暴露者占82.58%。狂犬病疫苗组与狂犬病疫苗+狂犬病人免疫球蛋白组的全程规范接种率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论西安市第九医院犬伤门诊接种狂犬疫苗患者伤口处理规范性、依从性有待提高,12 h内狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病人免疫球蛋白的接种率还有待提高。应加大宣传教育力度,全民普及犬伤防治知识,控制家养宠物数量,建议政府将两苗(狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病人免疫球蛋白)纳入医保报销项目,以提高两苗的接种率,降低狂犬病的发病率。
Objective To analyze the injury situation,epidemiological characteristics and post-exposure disposition of all rabies exposed persons in dog trauma clinic of ninth hospital of Xi'an in 2019,in order to provide scientific basis for the formulation of rabies prevention and control strategy.Methods A total of 2048 rabies exposed persons in dog trauma clinic of ninth hospital of Xi'an from January to December 2019 were selected as the research objects.The sex,age,exposure grade,injured site,injured animal,wound treatment,bite time,timely vaccination of rabies vaccine and human immunoglobulin for rabies(<12 h,12-24 h,>24 h)of exposed persons were analyzed,and the standardized vaccination of different vaccination schemes was compared.Results The injured site of the exposed persons were mainly the upper and lower limbs.The number of female patients in all ages was more than that of men.The injured animals were mainly cats and dogs.There were 67.19%of the exposed patients to wash the wound,and 32.81%refused to deal with the wound.The number of exposed persons in the second and third quarters was higher than that in the first and fourth quarters.The 73.63%of the exposed patients vaccinated rabies vaccine within 12 h,and 82.58%of the exposed patients vaccinated human immunoglobulin for rabies within 12 h.There was significant difference in the whole course standard vaccination rate between the rabies vaccine group and the rabies vaccine+human immunoglobulin for rabies group(P<0.05).Conclusion The standardization and compliance of wound treatment of patients vaccinated with rabies vaccine in dog trauma clinic of ninth hospital of Xi'an need to be improved,and the vaccination rate of rabies vaccine and human immunoglobulin for rabies within 12 h need to be improved.We should strengthen publicity and education,popularize the knowledge of dog injury prevention and control among the whole people,and control the number of domestic pets.It is suggested that the government put two vaccines(rabies vaccine and human immunoglobulin f
作者
陈燕
CHEN Yan(Disease Prevention and Control Department,Ninth Hospital of Xi'an,Xi'an 710054,China)
出处
《临床医学研究与实践》
2021年第23期23-26,共4页
Clinical Research and Practice
关键词
狂犬病暴露
狂犬病疫苗
流行病学特征
rabies exposure
rabies vaccine
epidemiological characteristics
