摘要
目的探讨青岛市城阳区狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病人免疫球蛋白(HRIG)使用影响因素。方法收集城阳区狂犬病暴露处置门诊2020-01-01-12-31狂犬病暴露人群门诊登记信息并进行描述性分析,采用Logistic回归分析Ⅲ级暴露者HRIG使用影响因素。结果城阳区狂犬病暴露人群以15~44岁为主,男女之比为1.14∶1。7-10月狂犬病暴露人数最多,占比为32.16%;暴露地点在他人家中的占比最多,为45.86%;暴露部位以上肢占比最多,为59.45%;暴露程度以Ⅱ级暴露为主,占比为59.81%。致伤动物以犬为主,占比为61.47%;其次为猫,占比为37.82%。致伤动物来源主要为他养,占比为58.49%。门诊伤口处理者达到78.09%,伤口自行处理者占20.21%,未进行伤口处置者占1.70%。狂犬病疫苗全程规范接种者达91.97%,仅有17.90%使用HRIG。多因素分析发现,<15岁年龄组(OR=7.432,95%CI为3.154~12.629,P<0.001)、他养、无主及不详的致伤动物(OR=5.571,95%CI为3.765~7.485,P<0.001)是Ⅲ级暴露者使用HRIG的促进因素。结论青岛市城阳区应继续加强并规范狂犬病暴露后预防处置,加强犬、猫管理,提高狂犬病疫苗接种率,并提高Ⅲ级暴露者HRIG使用率。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population and the influencing factors of human rabies immunoglobulin(HRIG)usage in gradeⅢexposed people in Chengyang district.Methods Outpatients registration information of rabies exposure treatment clinics from January 1 to December 31 in 2020 in Chengyang district was collected and conducted for descriptive analysis.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HRIG usage in gradeⅢexposed people.Results People exposed to rabies were mainly 15-44 years old in Chengyang district,the sex ratio to females was 1.14∶1,the largest number of rabies exposure from July to October accounted for 32.16%,the exposed sites were mostly in other people’s homes(45.86%),exposed sites represented the most in the upper limbs(59.45%),the exposure of gradeⅡwas mainly performed(59.81%),the animals causing injuries were mainly dogs(61.47%),followed by cats(37.82%),the animals were mainly others(58.49%),the wounds of people treated in rabies exposure treatment clinics was 78.09%,20.21%with wounds self-treated,and 1.70%did not have wounds treatment.The people with standardized vaccination throughout the whole process reached 91.97%,and only 17.90%were used with HRIG.Multivariate analysis found that the<15 years age group(OR=7.432,95%CI:3.154-12.629,P<0.001),his care,independent and unknown injury-causing animals(OR=5.571,95%CI:3.765-7.485,P<0.001)were promotion factors of HRIG usage in gradeⅢexposed people.Conclusion Prevention and treatment after rabies exposure should be continuously strengthened and standardized in Chengyang district,the management of dogs and cats should be intensified.Rabies vaccination rate and HRIG utilization rate in gradeⅢexposed people also need to be increased.
作者
刘静
李功
刘亚平
LIU Jing;LI Gong;LIU Ya-ping(Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Chengyang District of Qingdao City,Qingdao 266109,China;Department of Neurosurgery,Qufu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Qufu 273100,China)
出处
《社区医学杂志》
CAS
2022年第6期299-303,共5页
Journal Of Community Medicine
关键词
狂犬病暴露
暴露后预防处置
流行病学特征
青岛市
rabies exposure
post exposure prophylaxis
epidemiological characteristics
Qingdao City
