摘要
提起古代文章的声调,人们首先想到的往往是骈文。但实际上,古文亦不能无声调,只不过它没有骈文那样严格、固定的规范而显得更为自由。历代优秀的古文家在创作中都非常讲究声调,清代桐城派更是从理论上总结了古文声调的文体意义。不过,他们没有系统说明其具体的实现方式。通过梳理可知,古人大多注重通过“养气”和“行气”以实现自然优美的声音效果,这是古文区别于骈文的主要特点之一;但强调“行气”的决定性作用,并不是否定具体的调声之法。具体说来,古文主要是通过句式的伸缩变化和笔法的综合搭配来实现其声调美的,而这又往往和炼字尤其是虚字的妙用结合在一起;此外,古文也偶尔通过押韵来新人耳目,但这并不是古文声调表现的常法和定则。古文声调的这些具体实现方式,其实也是当代研究者将古文声调分析落到实处,从而避免笼统和空泛的具体途径。
Whenever we discuss tones in ancient prose,the parallel prose is the first one we think of.Actually,they are equally necessary in ancient prose.However,without strictly fixed norms,it is more free than parallel prose.All outstanding ancient prose masters pay great attention to tones in their creation.Theoretically,Tongcheng School of the Qing Dynasty sums up the stylistic meanings of tones in ancient prose.But,they fail to systematically describe the implementation.According to the conclusion,we find that most ancients focus on“Cultivating Qi”and“Promoting Qi”to achieve natural and beautiful sound effect,which is one of the main characteristics of ancient prose different from parallel one;but emphasizing the vital role of“Promoting Qi”is not to negate the specific method of tones;specifically speaking,tonebeauty of ancient prose mainly comes from the expansion and contraction of sentence patterns and the comprehensive collocation of writing methods,which is often combined with polishing words,especially the function words;in addition,ancient prose also occasionally brings a breath of fresh air by rhymes.However,it is not the common law or rule.These realization methods of tones in ancient prose,in fact,are also the concrete ways for us to carry out the analysis,to avoid vague and general studying.
作者
余祖坤
YU Zukun(The School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)
出处
《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期66-75,共10页
Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国古代文法理论概念及范畴研究”(编号:13CZW020)。
关键词
古文声调
审美形式
文体意义
实现方式
古文细读
tone in ancient prose
aesthetic form
stylistic meaning
realization mode
close reading of ancient prose
