摘要
权利与义务关系,是审视人类社会得以建构和存续的重要视角。如果将这一视角运用至城市社区治理领域,那么不难发现,人民城市重要理念和社会治理共同体建设目标均同时指向“居民义务先定、居民权利后生”这一观点。破解我国城市居民在社区场域享受越来越多的服务(权利)的同时,其作为社区主人翁应承担的责任和义务正在不断消退乃至消隐这一城市社区治理困境的关键路径,在于构建居民权利与义务相对均衡的社区治理模式。基于走读观察法和定点观察法的上海社区田野调查发现,居委会的过度行政化、居民自治的低水平运转以及社区共同体意识的日趋淡薄,成为导致居民权利与义务失衡的主要原因。未来,推进我国城市社区治理的可持续发展,不仅需要政府部门的适当介入和政策支持,更需要立足于居民责任和义务的居民自治以及以“人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有”为导向的社区治理共同体塑造。
The relationship between rights and obligations is an important perspective to examine the construction and conservation of human society.Viewing urban community governance from this perspective,we may easily find that both the notion of“the People’s City”and the goal of building a social governance community are identified with the concept of“residents’obligations preceding residents’rights”.Given the dilemma of urban community governance that“while China’s urban residents are enjoying increasing services(rights)in communities,their due responsibilities and obligations as community masters are continuously degrading,even disappearing”,the critical approach to this problem lies in constructing a community governance mode in which residents’rights and obligations are comparatively balanced.Based on a field investigation in communities of Shanghai and using the mobile observation method and fixed-point observation method,we find that over-administration of the neighborhood committees,low-level operation of residents’self-governance and weakening sense of community are the leading causes of residents’unbalanced rights and obligations.In the future,sustainable development of Chinese urban community governance shall not only rely on appropriate intervention and policy support from government bodies,but also on residents’self-governance combining both responsibilities and obligations and on the building of a governance community where“everyone is responsible,conscientious and rewarded”.
作者
俞祖成
黄佳陈
YU Zucheng;HUANG Jiachen(School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 200083,China)
出处
《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期56-67,共12页
Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题(2017BZZ004)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(17JZD029)
上海外国语大学青年教师科研创新团队项目(2020SWQ10)。
关键词
社区治理
居民权利
居民义务
community governance
residents’rights
residents’obligation
