摘要
为实现建筑火灾人员的安全疏散,提高疏散出口的综合使用效率,从疏散理论和系统整体构建切入,以实际适用性和火灾动态扩散为要点设计了系统疏散模型,基于功能需求对功能模块内容和硬件网络进行了构造,提出了一种基于Dijkstra算法的火灾动态疏散指示系统。以某商场建筑为实例,运用Pyrosim软件进行建筑内火灾模拟,采用疏散指示系统算法得到该火灾场景下的最优路径,通过在Pathfinder软件中增设6处定时通行禁区达到人员服从系统算法规划的疏散效果。结果表明:在试验设定下,该系统算法的总疏散时间比Pathfinder软件缩短了1.5 s,最长疏散距离比Pathfinder软件缩短了6.86%;系统算法通过科学导流提升了商场左、下出口的利用率及右出口的疏散效率,从而减少了总疏散时间,验证了该火灾动态疏散指示系统的可行性和有效性。
The paper intends to propose a fire dynamic evacuation indicating system to improve the compatibility of the route theory,the system intelligence and efficiency of the outdoor evacuation.The proposed algorithm has been initiated and designed from the concept of the dynamic risk assessment,particularly,based on the calculation of the dynamic fire and the time cost of its better practical applicability.The said smart evacuation system can be said consisting of 2 sections:the path algorithm based on the Dijkstra theory and the overall constitutional function layout,with its 5 influential factors(i.e.the temperature,the CO,the visibility of the fire smoke,the excavated crowd density,and the fire’s own dynamic strength)and each influential factor quantitatively calculated via a logistic regression model.What is more,the Dijkstra algorithm has to be modified to be able to fit for the need of the multi-source-multi-exit evacuation.To fulfill the need of the system intelligence,stability and practicability,we have defined and elaborated 4 functional modules to support both the smart evacuation and the rescue aid.And,simultaneously,a typical shopping mall has been taken as an experiment sample to discuss the effectiveness of the system.By conducting the fire simulation with Pyrosim,we have eventually worked out the dynamic data of the 4 factors for path planning.And,then,combined with the Pathfinder,the initial crowd density data has been provided for the first path planning.Furthermore,we have also developed an original method to gain the idealistic evacuation results of the proposed algorithm,which let us add the 6 timed restrictions through the Pathfinder software and follow the calculated path in the experiment through almost all the simulated subjects under fire disasters.As a result,in comparison with the Pathfinder,the total evacuation time can be reduced by 1.5 s,and the longest evacuation distance can be reduced by 6.86%under the set fire disaster circumstances.Thus,finally,the utilization ratio of the left and
作者
廖慧敏
朱宇倩
陈子鹏
LIAO Hui-min;ZHU Yu-qian;CHEN Zi-peng(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;School of Information and Safety Engineering,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期1676-1683,共8页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51704328)
国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0808404)。
