摘要
一百年前陶行知在南高师力主将“教授法”更名为“教学法”,看似一字之变,却彰显了教育哲学的天差地别。他的“教学合一”和“以学生为中心”思想,既脱胎于杜威的“儿童是太阳”和“新三中心论”,同时,也凸显了他对教育,特别是对大学教育问题与症结的深刻认识和犀利分析。时至今日,人们重温历史,仍然为其前卫、明晰的理念和深入浅出的阐释所深深折服。需要反思的是,对教育、教学本质内涵及要素互动的理解,是否仍有拓展的空间?对“教”与“学”角色互动和影响交互的认识,是否仍有深化可能?鉴于“以学生为中心”的提法易生歧义,“学生为本”更准确科学;而“学生为本”离不开“教师为要”;只有坚持“教师为要”,方能真正落实“学生为本”。笔者郑重建议:将“学生为本”与“教师为要”并提,作为现代大学办学的基本原则,它们如同鸟之两翼、车之两轮,互为犄角、互为表里,不可或缺也不可偏废!
100 years ago,Tao Xingzhi advocated forcefully the changing of the idea from“teaching method”to“teaching-learning method”.This change looks like only adding or altering one word literally,but it portends the profound change of the educational philosophy.His ideas of“the combination of teaching and learning”and“student-centered”,are born out of the ideas of John Dewey which can be summarized as“child is the sun”and“New Three Centers Theory”.Also,Tao's ideas showed his deep thinking and sharp analysis on Chinese education,especially on Chinese higher education.Today,when we review the history,Tao's forward-looking and clear ideas and his explanation of the profound theory with simple words,still deeply moved us.But we still need to reflect on such questions:Whether our understanding of the nature and mechanism of the education and teaching need to be deepened and expanded?Whether our understanding of role interaction and influence interaction of“teaching”and“learning”need to be deepened and expanded?From my perspective,the phrase of“student-centered”may easily produce discrepancies,so I propose the more scientific expression of“student as the base”.Also,“student as the base”is inseparable with“teacher as the key”,so we need to persist in the idea of“teacher as the key”.Finally,the author seriously advise that we must emphasize the ideas of“student as the base”and“teacher as the key”simultaneously,we must use these two ideas as the general principles for running modern universities,and we must realize that these two ideas are interdependent like two wings of a bird or two wheels of a cart.
出处
《江苏高教》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期7-15,共9页
Jiangsu Higher Education
关键词
陶行知
教育哲学
学生为本
教师为要
Tao Xingzhi
educational philosophy
student as the base
teacher as the key
