摘要
新中国高校招生考试70年的历史充分显示出高考制度的重要性和改革的复杂性。1952年,中国正式建立了统一高考制度,开启了中国高校招生考试史的新纪元。“文革”前高校招生的录取标准出现过多次变化,高考分数在录取中的作用有过反复变迁。70年高校招生考试的发展历程跌宕起伏,从高考制度的利弊存废与评价,到报考人数、录取人数、高考录取率等方面都体现了这种特征。新中国高校招生考试取得了巨大的成就,积累了许多宝贵的经验,也留下了深刻的教训,并体现出从计划到市场、从政治到教育、从保密到阳光、从精英到普及的发展趋势。
China college enrollment examination in the past 70 years showed the importance of Gaokao system and complexity of its reform. In 1952, the unique Gaokao system was established, which opened the new time of China college enrollment examination. Before the Cultural Revolution, the admission criteria were changed several times, and the role of the Gaokao scores was changed correspondingly. The development of college enrollment examination in 70 years experienced ups and downs, showing such characteristics at the aspect of usage and abolition of Gaokao system, number of applicants, number of enrollment and admission rate. China college enrollment examination gained great achievements, accumulated valuable experience and learnt serious lessons;it also showed the tendency from planning to market, from politics to education, from confidentiality to disclosure, and from elite to popularization.
作者
刘海峰
LIU Hai-feng(Research Center of Imperial Examination&Test,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《高等教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第11期9-22,共14页
Journal of Higher Education
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(18JZD052)
关键词
高考制度
高考改革
招生考试
Gaokao system
Gaokao reform
enrollment examination
