摘要
当土石坝坝体上游遭遇超标准洪水时,坝体往往会发生漫顶溃决灾害。为了预测溃口溃决流量,采用逐渐溃决方式和水量平衡原理的方法,对宁夏市旗眼山水库进行模拟。计算结果表明:当溃口扩展到第84min时,溃口流量达到最大值,为3284.75m^3/s,对应的坝前水位1189.76m,总的下泄流量亦达到最大值,为3404.75m^3/s;计算得出的土石坝溃口处流量值处于二分之一溃坝和全溃理论计算值之间,较符合土石坝的溃决情况,可以为水库下游防洪预警方案的制定提供参考。适当的增加溢洪道和泄洪洞的泄流能力,可以有效地消减溃坝洪水的峰值流量,并且减少洪峰流量对下游城市的淹没风险。
When the upper reaches of the earth-rock dam body encounters a super-standard flood, the dam body often has a flood-top failure. In order to predict the flow of the collapse, the method of gradual collapse and water balance is used to simulate the Qiyanshan Reservoir in Ningxia. The calculation results show that when the fracture extends to the 84th minute, the fracture flow reaches the maximum value of 3 284.75 m^3/s, the corresponding water level before the dam is 1189.76m, and the total discharge flow also reaches the maximum value of 3 404.75 m^3/s . The flow value of the earth-rock dam breach is between the one-half of the dam break and the theoretical calculation of the full collapse, which is in line with the collapse of the earth-rock dam, and can provide reference for the formulation of the flood control early warning scheme for the reservoir. Appropriately increasing the discharge capacity of the spillway and spillway tunnel can effectively reduce the peak flow of the dam flood and reduce the risk of flooding the downstream city.
作者
赵洋
李守义
ZHAO Yang;LI Shouyi(School of Water Resources and Hydropower,Xi′an University of Technology,Xi′an 710048,China)
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期62-68,共7页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51579208)~~
关键词
超标准洪水
土石坝
参数模型
逐渐溃决
水量平衡
洪峰流量
superstandard flood
earth-rockfill dam
parametric model
gradual breach
water balance
flood peak flow
