摘要
完全赔偿原则的目的是实现对受害人的充分补偿。为此,传统的损害赔偿法构建了要件与效果相区分的原则,使损害赔偿效果不受责任基础的充实程度的影响,从而在效果上表现为全有或全无的择一判断模式。然而,这种做法存在价值实现上的断裂及逻辑上的自相矛盾,难以妥当地协调自由与安全等价值之间的紧张关系,在个案中容易形成极端情况。现代以来,随着社会关系的复杂化和利益主张的多元化,法的安定性逐渐让位于法的妥当性。因此,打通构建要件与法律效果之间在价值层面的隔绝,允许法官在综合考量过错程度、违法性程度、因果关系盖然性程度等构成要件要素的基础上,对损害赔偿效果作出弹性化的评价,使其能够获得契合于个案情境的妥当性,便成为妥当解决多元化社会中不同法律价值间之冲突的必然诉求。
The purpose of the principle of full compensation is to achieve compensation function. Therefore, the traditional damage law establishes the principle of distinction between constitutive elements and legal effects, as a result of which damages will not be affected by degree of the basis of liability and finally a certain judgment pattern as all-or-nothing approach is demonstrated in effect. However, there is fracture of value and self-contradiction in terms of the underlying logic of this approach, so it is difficult to properly coordinate the tension between freedom and security and probably cause some extreme results in specific cases. In modern times, with the complexity of social relations and the diversification of interest claims, the methodology of valuation has already gradually changed from the invariability in the modern civil law to the suitability in the contemporary civil law. Therefore, it will be a necessary and feasible solution to the conflict problem among different legal values in such a pluralistic society to abandon the principle of distinction and to make a flexible evaluation of damages suitable for specific cases, which is based on a comprehensive consideration of different constitutive elements such as the degree of fault, the extent of illegality and the probability of causation, etc.
作者
郑晓剑
Zheng Xiaojian(Xiamen University)
出处
《武汉大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期138-149,共12页
Wuhan University Journal：Philosophy & Social Science
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(16CFX039)
关键词
完全赔偿原则
损害赔偿
弹性化
构成要件
法律效果
principle of full compensation
compensation for damages
flexibility
constitutive elements
legal effects
