摘要
《民法典》以存货为中心的担保规范群深受形式主义的影响,“实质化不足”现象尤为凸显,重复担保、虚假质押以及倒签担保日期等隐患滋生。从平衡不同担保权人的利益出发,浮动抵押与动态质押竞存时应课以质权人证明动态质押设立时间的责任,从而适用“登记、交付先后”规则;仓单质押与存货质押竞存时让前者具有优先性,数份仓单质押竞存时直接按债权比例清偿,可弱化仓单与存货分离的危险。《民法典》第416条在解释上有必要区分存货与非存货,存货价金担保权的设立应满足“标的物交付前登记”与“书面通知先设立的其他担保权人”两个要件,增加价金担保权人的通知义务可预警因“超优先顺位”给其他担保权人造成突袭损害。交叉型存货价金担保权竞存时直接按债权比例清偿更能体现平等对待各购置款融资者的精神。为防止存货在正常经营活动中无限流出减损担保价值,有必要通过“明示约定”和“登记”的方式使存货担保延伸至其应收账款收益上,以保障担保交易的安全。
Under the influence of formalism,the rules of security interest in inventory in Civil Code is particularly far from functionalism,which leads to the hidden dangers such as repeated pledge,false pledge and backdated pledge.In order to balance the interests of different secured parties,when floating charge and dynamic pledge overlap,the pledgee should bear the responsibility of proving the establishment time of dynamic pledge,so as to apply the rule of“first-in-time,first-in-right”.To reduce risks of separation of warehouse receipt and inventory,it’s necessary to make sure that pledge of warehouse receipt has priority to pledge of inventory.When several pledges of warehouse receipt are in concurrence,the creditors should be directly paid off according to the proportion of creditor’s rights.It is meaningful to distinguish between inventory and noninventory in the interpretation of article 416 of the Civil Code.The establishment of purchase money security interest in inventory should meet the two requirements of“registration before delivery of the collateral”and“written notice to other previous secured parties”.The secured party committed to the notification obligation can warn other secured parties of sudden damage caused by“super priority”.When several PMSIs of inventory are in concurrence,paying off directly according to the proportion of creditor’s rights can better reflect the spirit of treating all purchase money financiers equally.In order to prevent the unlimited outflow of inventory in the ordinary course of business which may reduce value of the collateral,it is necessary to extend security interest of inventory to its proceeds such as accounts receivable by means of“express agreement”and“registration”.
作者
刘平
LIU Ping(the Institute of Law of Chinese Academy of Social Science)
出处
《法学家》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期100-119,194,共21页
The Jurist
基金
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究一般项目“企业存货动态质押担保融资研究”(19SFB2042)
中国博士后科学基金第69批面上资助(2021M693484)的阶段性成果
关键词
实质担保观
浮动抵押
动态质押
仓单质押
存货价金担保权
Functional Formalism
Floating Charge
Dynamic Pledge
Warehouse Receipt Pledge
Purchase Money Security Interest in Inventory
