摘要
我国教研组织自晚清萌芽,不断发展至今天,已有100多年的历史,在教师现代化过程中发挥了重要作用。清末民初,我国已经建立了校内外教研组织,推动了传统教师的现代转型;民国后期,我国已经形成了学校和区域两个层面的教研组织,教育主管部门和学校通过教研组织规范、管理教学,推进教学研究;中华人民共和国成立后17年,教研制度成为提升和改造教师素质,造就"人民教师"的利器;改革开放至20世纪90年代中期,教研组致力于教师的专业化;世纪之交,教研组织不断改革与创新,彰显了一线优秀教师的实践性知识价值。教研组织是工业时代的产物,它的设立发展,为我国各时期教师的现代化、专业化做出了重要贡献,但它同时承担的监督管理和专业发展双重职能弱化了其作为专业组织的性质。今后教研组织必须以建立真正的教师专业合作共同体为目标。
Since the late Qing Dynasty,teaching and research organization in China has been developing for more than100years.It has played an important role in the process of teacher modernization:in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,teaching and research organizations were established inside and outside the schools to promote the modern transformation of traditional teachers;in the late period of the Republic of China,teaching and research organizations were formed both at the school and regional levels.The education authorities and schools standardized and managed teaching,and promoted teaching research through teaching and research organizations;in the17years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the teaching-research system had become a powerful tool to improve and reform the quality of teachers and create“people’s teachers”;from the reform and opening-up to the mid-1990s,the teaching and research organization was committed to the professionalization of teachers;at the turn of the century,the reform and innovation of teaching and research organizations demonstrated the value of practical knowledge of first-line outstanding teachers.Teaching and research organization is a product of the industrial age.Its establishment and development have made important contributions to the modernization and specialization of teachers in various periods of China.However,its dual functions of supervision and professional development have weakened its nature as a professional organization.In the future,teaching and research organizations must aim to establish a real cooperative community of teachers.
作者
胡艳
HU Yan(Center for the Study of Teacher Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《教师发展研究》
2018年第4期107-117,共11页
Teacher Development Research
关键词
教研组织
教师现代化
教师专业化
teaching and research organization
teacher modernization
teacher specialization
