摘要
元祜墓是河北省磁县北朝墓群中的其中一个墓葬。墓室中有一棺一椁朽痕,棺内有一具人骨。墓葬中还发现了有碑文的墓志石,从墓志记载获知,墓主人是徐州刺史元祜,他也是北魏皇帝拓跋焘的重孙子,葬于公元537年,死时56岁。人骨的保存状况不好,收集到一些头骨片、完整下颌和小部分体骨。骨骼上的一些特征显示出男性特点,关节面普遍存在关节炎症状,胸椎和腰椎上都有小型骨赘,为骨性关节炎的表现。牙齿磨耗严重,有牙周病及根尖脓肿现象。由于头骨破损严重,无法从形态观察和测量数据来判断元祜的种族形态类型。元祜骨骼的线粒体DNA结果显示,元祜归属于单倍型类群C,而且与元祜线粒体DNA的单倍型有共享序列的人群基本都在亚洲,特别是北亚地区,结合元祜的单倍型类群的归属,推测元祜应该属于北亚人群。对中国古代鲜卑人群的人骨形态学研究指出,其形态特征更近似于蒙古人种的北亚类型,同时也有不同程度的东亚类型特征。从鲜卑的发展历史看,鲜卑并不是一个"纯粹"的种族,而是一个多民族的混血"混合体",除了与匈奴不可避免地发生基因交流外,与东亚类型人群,主要是汉族也应该发生过基因交流。但DNA的分析显示,鲜卑人群受到汉族的基因影响有限,并没有改变鲜卑人群为北亚类型的主体特征。另一方面,虽然鲜卑族不断的南迁、汉化并最终融入到汉族主体中,但是在遗传学上并未显示出拓跋鲜卑人群与现代汉族较近的关系,主要是因为汉民族主体庞大,来源复杂,鲜卑人群的混入并没有对汉民族产生较大影响。
The tomb of Yuan Hu belongs to the Northern Dynasties cemeteries excavated in Cixian County of Hebei Province. In the burial chamber, traces of one mer coffin and one outer coffin were noticed, and human skeletal remains were found in the inner coffin There was also an epitaph stone in the burial, from which it is learned that Yuan Hu, the Nortthem Wei Emperor Tuoba Tan＇s great-grandson and regional inspector of Xuzhou, is the tomb occupant, who died in 537 AD at the age of 56. Being in a poor state of preservation, the human skeletal remains include only some cranium fragments, a complete lower jaw, and a small portion of body bones. Some skeletal char- acteristics suggest that the skeletal remains belong m a male. The articular surface showssigns of osteoarthritis. Thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae both have small osteophytes, suggesing the presence of osteoarthritis （OA）. Severe dental wear is noticed and therewere the periodontosis and the alveolar abscess. As the cranium （of Yuan Hu） was severely damaged, it is impossible to assess the ancestry by making observations on cranial morphology or by a metric data of skull. The mitocbondrial DNA （mONA） extracted from Yuan Hu＇s skeletal remains suggests that he be- longed to the Haplogroup C. Since the populatiom sharing thesame haplotypewith Yuan Flu are mainly distributed in Asia （in North Asia patrick）, Yuan Hu is therofore believed m belong to the population groups of North Asia. Furthermore, the Haplogroup C have been found among the ancient populations of Xianbei and Xiongnu as well as in the present Xibo population in certain proportiom, and their chances to be noticed in the ancient groups of Tuo- ba Xianbei are especially higher. The mtDNA HVR-1 haplotype of Yuan Hu is 16129-16223-16298-16327,which has been also reported in the Xiongnu and Xibo populations, while Tuoba Xianbei individuals at the Dongdajing and Qilangshan sites have a haplotype with only one mutationcompared to that of Yuan Hu More ~mportandy, the mu- tations 16223
出处
《南方文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第4期196-200,195,共6页
Cultural Relics in Southern China
关键词
元祜
东魏
河北磁县
拓跋鲜卑
蒙古人种类型
Yuan Hu
Eastem Wei Dynasties
Cixian County of Hebei Province
Tuoba Xianbei
Mongoloid classifi-cation
