摘要
通过田间观测和室内分析的方法,研究不同施氮量对小麦产量和品质的影响,结果表明:增施氮肥有利于促进小麦群体生长,但氮肥用量过大,无效分蘖增多,成穗率下降,反而不利于穗数的形成。淮北中等肥力的稻茬麦,以施用225 kg/hm2纯氮,更容易获得较多的成穗数。氮肥施用量与产量成二次曲线关系(y=-0.650 9x2+26.493x+269.86;R2=0.993**),以施氮量305.25 kg/hm2小麦产量最高,模拟最高产量为8 091 kg/hm2。徐麦31在中等肥力条件下栽培,氮肥用量以300 kg/hm2左右为宜。增施氮肥对籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉降值含量有一定的影响,随着施氮量水平的增加,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉降值均有所提高,并随着氮素水平的增加,蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉降值含量的增加趋于缓和。徐麦31作为强筋小麦栽培,可通过调控氮肥施用,在一定范围内提高籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉降值,改善籽粒加工品质。
The main objective of this paper is to study the effects of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and quality of wheat through field observations and laboratory analysis. Analysis showed that increasing certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer contributes to promote the growth of wheat in group, but excessive nitrogen fertilizer gives rise to increase ineffective tillers and decrease the per- centage of productive tillers. In other words, excessive nitrogen fertilizer is not beneficial to spike number. Growing wheat after rice in moderate fertilizer in northern region of HuaiHe River, it is more likely to gain more into the number of productive tillers with pure ni- trogen of 225 kg/hm2. The application of nitrogen has parabolic relationship with the yield （ the result as follow ： y = - 0. 650 9x2 ＋ 26. 493x ＋ 269. 86; R2 = 0. 993 ＊ ＊ ）. The analog maximum yield of wheat was 8 091 kg/hm2. with the application of 305.25 kg/ hm2. Therefore the advisable application was 300 kg/hm2 , when planting Xumai 31 in moderate fertility cultivation conditions. In- creasing nitrogen fertilizer has effect on protein content, wet gluten content and SDS - sedimentation value. These three values will firstly ascend, but will be flattened with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer. The nutritional quality and processing quality of Xumai 31, which is strong - gluten wheat, could be optimized through the application of nitrogen supply.
出处
《大麦与谷类科学》
2013年第2期7-11,共5页
Barley and Cereal Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金(31271642)
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD04B08)
农业部行业科研专项(201103003)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程和江苏省农业三项工程资助项目
关键词
徐麦31
施氮量
产量
品质
Xumai 31
Amount of nitrogen application
Yield
Quality
