摘要
传世文献中有关羯人西晋时活动的记载颇为罕见,意味着该族人口不多,部落组织正在离散。晋末并州一带的杂胡与匈奴已有明确界限,羯胡被视为杂胡而不属于匈奴的范围。史家将羯胡称为"杂胡"或"匈奴别部",其实是与五部屠各或匈奴五部相对而言的。羯胡首领石勒起兵之际麾下同姓人物极少,其本部兵力与刘渊的五部屠各相比显得微不足道。石勒最初在刘渊政权下组建的胡人武装,其成员多为各种杂胡而未必都是羯族。石勒转战河北后开始大规模扩军,此前被成批卖往河北的并州杂胡纷纷加入其军团。石勒建国后为提升诸胡地位而称其为"国人",羯胡人数骤然增加并达到惊人的数目。羯胡的语言、风俗及状貌与康居等西域胡相同,西域胡在后赵羯胡之中所占的比例是很可信的。后赵末冉闵鼓动汉人灭绝羯胡,各地的西域胡也一并遭到大规模清洗。并州杂胡的民族认同与河北流民的地域认同,成为石勒羯胡政权核心群体得以凝聚的重要纽带。正是凭借这种特殊的社会政治基础,后赵在与前赵的军事对抗中逐渐占据优势,并州杂胡也最终取代五部屠各,成为十六国初期北部中国新的异族统治者。
The lack of record about the Jie people in the period of West Jin Dynasty is little in extant literature means that their population was small and tribal organizations were dispersing.In the end of the Jin,the Jie-Hus was regard as Za-Hu who was distinguished from Xiongnu.The historian called Jie-Hu 'Za-Hu' or 'one tribe differing from Xiongnu' for distinguishing them from five core tribes of Tuge or five core tribes of Xiongnu.When leader of Jie-Hu,Shi Le,risen up,few of his people had same surname with him and His army was far smaller than Liu Yuan's five tribes of Tuge.The original member of army of Shi Le under the power of Liu Yuan was not only the Jie people but varies Za-Hus.When Shi Le was fighting in Hebei areas,his army increased quickly and a lot of Bingzhou Za-Hu who have been sold to Hebei took part in.After Shi Le built the state,the positions of the Hu people grown and they were called 'Guo-Ren(国人,literally,state men).' So the population of the Jie-Hu increased suddenly to a large number.The language,custom and appearance of the Jie-Hu is the same as the West-Hu like Kangju people.It is believed that the ratio of the West-Hu was large in the Jie-Hus of Late Zhao.While Ran Min stirred up the Han people to kill Jie-Hus in the end of late Zhao,a lot of West-Hus were murdered.Because of the ethnic identification of the Bingzhou Za-Hu and regional identification of the migration to Hebei,the core group of Shi Le's power of the Jie-Hu could gather.It is on the basis of the special social and politic power that Late Zhao can resist by the force early Zhao and gained the upper hand gradually.And Bingzhou Za-Hu took over the position of five tribes of Tuge finally as ethnic dominator in northern china in early Sixteen Kingdoms.
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第1期66-75,共10页
Ethno-National Studies
关键词
羯胡
河北
并州杂胡
西域胡
Jie-Hu
Hebei area
Bingzhou Za-Hu
West-Hu
