摘要
《史记》中所见“胡”与“匈奴”两种称谓,其含义是有明显差别的。战国时匈奴及北亚草原各游牧部落,大多以“胡”为名。“胡”的称谓泛指或分指“诸胡”,“匈奴”的称谓则专指匈奴。秦汉之际,匈奴在政治上统一了北亚草原,汉人的观念也随之发生变化,“胡”与“匈奴”两种称谓频繁互换,出现了严重的混淆。“匈奴”的称谓既指匈奴,也指汉朝北境“诸胡”。而《史记》以“匈奴”指代战国“诸胡”的做法,正是司马迁用汉人观念解释旧史的结果。
The meaning of two terms 'Hu'and 'Xiongnu'in Shijiis evidently different. The nomadic tribes in the northern Asiangrassland area, including Xiongnu, were usuallycalled 'Hu'in the warring states period. And the term 'Hu' referredto 'Zhu-Hu'(诸胡,'several Hus'in generalor 'any Hu'in difference), and the term 'Xiongnu'was with reference to itself. In the period between the Qin and Han Dynasty, the Han people's concept changed with the Xiongnu's unifying the northern Asiangrassland area. The term 'Hu'and 'Xiongnu'can be often exchanged each other and the distinction between them was blurred. The term 'Xiongnu'referred to both itself and 'Zhu-Hu'who lived in the north to the Han Dynasty. The reason that there are some cases in Shijithat the term 'Xiongnu'is used to refer to the 'Zhu-Hu'of the warring states is that Sima Qian, the author of the Shiji, explained the old documents under the concept in the Han Dynasty.
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第6期60-68,共9页
Ethno-National Studies