摘要
《企业破产法》赋予管理人对待履行合同的解除权,但对解除权的行使标准、实施效果以及限制规定均缺乏体系化考量。待履行合同本身蕴含着一定的经济价值,是资产与负债的结合。对待履行合同的解除应当遵循债务人财产保值增值原则、利益平衡检验与不可分割原则。合同解除并不导致已履行部分归于消灭,而是产生相互返还的债权请求权,这一新的解释论构成不仅有其实证法基础,也能有效解决将恢复原状请求权作为取回权或共益债权优先受偿而有损债权平等原则之不合理做法。在未来修法时,应采取一般条款与特别列举并用体例,即在《企业破产法》第18条第2款下增设一款,规定管理人解除合同对合同相对人显失公平时,管理人不得解除。同时明定涉所有权保留合同、劳动合同、居住型商品房买卖合同的处理,须排除管理人解除权的使用,以保护相对人的权益。
China’s“Enterprise Bankruptcy Law”stipulates that the administrator has the right to rescind the executory contract,but there is a lack of systematic consideration of the exercise standard,implementation effect and restrictions of the rescission right.The executory contract contains a certain economic value,which is a combination of assets and liabilitieS.The rescission of the executory contract shall follow the principle of preservation and appreciation of the bankruptcy property,the test of balance of interests and the principle of inseparability.The rescission of the contract does not lead to the extinction of the performed part,but produces the right of claim for mutual repayment.This new interpretation not only has its empirical basis,but also can effectively solve the claim of restitution as recall right or priority payment of common benefit claims which undermines the principle of equality.It is an unreasonable practice to give priority to repayment of creditor’s rights and undermine the principle of equality of creditor’s rightS.In the future,when amending the law,the combination of general clauses and special listings should be adopted,that is,a new paragraph is added under paragraph 2 of article 18 of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law and it stipulates that if the administrator’s termination of the contract is manifestly unfair to the counterparty to the contract,the administrator shall not rescind it.Meanwhile it should clearly stipulate that the handling of contracts involving retention of ownership,labor contracts and residential commercial housing sales contracts must exclude the use of the manager’s right to rescind,so as to protect the rights and interests of the counterparty.
出处
《北方法学》
北大核心
2023年第1期147-160,共14页
Northern Legal Science
基金
2022年安徽法治与社会安全研究中心委托项目“个人破产欺诈法律规制研究”(fzsh2022cx-23)的阶段性成果
关键词
待履行合同
合同解除
取回权
共益债权
executory contract
contract rescission
recall right
common benefit creditor’s right
