摘要
学籍强制处理分为取消学籍、注销学籍与开除学籍这三种类型,我国普通高中的教育立法与实践中普遍存在学籍强制处理的情形,该行为严重地限制了学生的受教育权,需要接受合宪性检视。在规范形式上,开除学籍与注销学籍缺乏明确的法律依据,从而违反法律保留原则;从权利限制的实质上看,开除学籍与注销学籍的处分方式不适合轻微违纪行为,并且过度限制了学生受教育法益,因而违反比例原则;从处分的程序层面考量,开除学籍与注销学籍并未给予学生严格的程序保障,违反了正当程序原则,故开除学籍与注销学籍处分是不符合宪法的。为了维护宪治统一,保护学生的受教育权,亟待对我国学生学籍强制处理的行为进行合宪性调整。首先,依据各省制定的"行政规范性文件制定和备案"规定,清理地方学籍管理办法中开除学籍与注销学籍条款;其次,在《教育法》中增加开除学籍与注销学籍两类学籍强制处理方式的规定,并将其适用条件严格限定在符合比例原则的限度内;最后,完善"学籍强制处理"的程序,保证限制学生受教育权行为的程序正当性。
Compulsory treatment of student status is divided into three types:cancellation,writing off and expulsion.In the education legislation and practice of general high schools in China,compulsory processing of student status is common,which seriously limits the students’right to education and needs to be examined by constitutionality.From the standpoint of normative form,the expulsion and cancellation of student status lack clear legal basis,thus it violates the principle of legal reservation;From the substantive level of the restriction of rights,punishment including expulsion and writing off is not suitable for minor violations of discipline,and excessively restricts students’legal interest of access to education.Thus it violates the principle of proportionality;In order to maintain the unity of the rule of the Constitution and rule of law,and protect students’right to education,it is urgent to implement constitutionality adjustment to the compulsory treatment of students’student status in China.First of all,according to the provisions of Administrative Normative Documents Formulation and Filing formulated by the provinces,we should clear up the clause of expulsion and writing off student status in local administration of student status;Secondly,we need to add two types of compulsory treatment of student status,expulsion and writing off,to Education Law,and limit its application strictly to the extent that meets the principle of proportionality;Finally,we need to improve the procedure of"compulsory treatment of student status"and ensure the legitimacy of the procedure that restricts students’right to education.
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
CSSCI
2021年第2期227-239,共13页
Journal Of CUPL
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目——“宪法个案解释基准的证成路径、方法与规则研究”(项目编号:17AFX010)
2020年江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“人民法院个案释宪机制研究”(项目编号:KYCX20_0068)
东南大学2020年中央基本业务费课题——“中国人权法治保障体系研究”(项目编号:2242020S30046)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
学籍强制处理
合宪性审查
法律保留
比例原则
正当程序
compulsory treatment of student status
constitutional examination
legal reservation
principle of proportionality
due process
