摘要
目的了解抗感染药物不良反应(ADR)的人群特点、重点药物和临床主要表现,以促进临床合理用药。方法收集上海市宝山区2018年1月至2019年12月药品不良反应监测数据库药物类别为"抗感染药物"的ADR报告。提取ADR报告中患者的基本情况,抗感染药物的名称、类别、给药途径,ADR表现及累及器官、系统,报告单位以及报告人身份等数据后再进行汇总分析。结果共收集到ADR报告2 703份,涉及患者2 655例,其中女性患者占比远高于男性患者(60.79%vs 39.21%),65岁以上老年期患者占比最高(41.21%)。引起ADR的抗感染药物主要为头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类,出现频次前3名分别为左氧氟沙星、阿奇霉素和莫西沙星,给药途径中以静脉滴注为多见(占66.85%)。ADR临床表现以瘙痒、恶心和皮疹为多见,主要累及皮肤及附件系统和胃肠系统。ADR报告主要来自医疗机构,上报人以临床医师和临床药师为主。结论抗感染药物ADR以女性和老年患者为多见,应将其作为重点人群加以监测。医务工作者,特别是临床药师,应熟悉临床常用抗感染药物及其ADR临床表现,加强临床用药监测。
AIM To understand the population characteristics, key drugs and clinical manifestations of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs) of antimicrobial drugs, so as to provide reference for ADRs monitoring. METHODS A total of 2 703 cases of reported ADRs induced by antimicrobial drugs to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center in Baoshan district from 2018 to 2019 were collected. The basic situation of patients, route of administration, drug types, system-organs involved in ADRs, reporting units, and distribution of reporters′ occupations were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Among 2 703 cases of ADRs reports, the ratio of female patients was much higher than that of male patients(60.79% vs 39.21%). The incidence rate of the elderly over 65 years old was the highest(41.21%). The varieties of antimicrobial drugs most easily triggering ADRs were cephalosporins, quinolones and marolides. The proportion of affected skins and their attachments was the biggest, followed by the digestive system. Intravenous drip administration was more prone to ADRs reactions than other administration routes. The ADRs reports were mainly from medical institutions, mainly collected by physicians and clinical pharmacists. CONCLUSION It is necessary to choose the variety of antimicrobial drugs, route of administration, dosage and combination of drugs, and strengthen the ADRs monitoring work for special groups such as elderly patients, strengthen the training and publicity of ADRs for medical staffs, and give full play to the active role of clinical pharmacists in ADRs monitoring and improve the level of clinical use of antimicrobial drugs.
作者
熊波
倪晓峰
夏云
XIONG Bo;NI Xiaofeng;XIA Yun(Department of Pharmacy,Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shanghai 201999,China;Shanghai Baoshan Administration for Market Regulation,Shanghai 201999,China)
出处
《中国临床药学杂志》
CAS
2021年第2期115-119,共5页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
基金
国家自然培育基金(编号GZRPYJJ-201805)
北京医卫健康公益基金会医学科学研究基金(编号YWJKJJHKYJJ-B20210CS)。
关键词
药品不良反应
抗感染药物
合理用药
adverse drug reaction
antimicrobial drug
rational drug use
