1962年12月12日,著名思想史家以赛亚·伯林在哈佛大学俄罗斯研究中心做了题名为《俄国知识分子对历史主义的痴迷》的演讲。在1962年至1973年期间,伯林至少四次就这一主题发表演讲,本文所译,是其中第一次、也是内容最翔实的一次演讲...1962年12月12日,著名思想史家以赛亚·伯林在哈佛大学俄罗斯研究中心做了题名为《俄国知识分子对历史主义的痴迷》的演讲。在1962年至1973年期间,伯林至少四次就这一主题发表演讲,本文所译,是其中第一次、也是内容最翔实的一次演讲。据悉,伯林生前并未授权他的作品主要编辑人亨利·哈代(Henry Hardy)先生将这篇卓越的演讲稿收录进其关于俄国思想史研究的著名文集《俄国思想家》(Russian Thinkers)中,他的其他一些演讲也没有被收录到他的文集中。这可能是因为,每当受邀讨论俄国及相关话题时,伯林都可为听众提供未公开出版的新鲜内容。伯林这四次关于俄国历史主义的演讲虽然主题相似,但每一次内容都不尽相同,不公开出版演讲稿,有助于他继续开拓相关问题的讨论空间。在这篇演讲中,伯林指出,俄国知识分子的思想生成与历史主义理念之间存在深刻的勾连。俄国原创性思想的非连续性使之易受西方思想的侵染,在其中,浪漫主义思潮作为一股重要力量,催生出18世纪末19世纪世纪初俄国的民族意识。自此,俄国人被西方思想塑形,又以之反观自身、并希求自己区别于西方的民族独特性,这种民族热情体现在他们对俄国独特的历史规律、历史目的与历史使命的痴迷之上。恰达耶夫首开其风,西方派和斯拉夫派紧随其后,争论围绕着俄国的历史模型展开,相关理念在19世纪引发了思想风暴,同时也催生了托尔斯泰等人的反历史主义。伯林认为,俄国知识分子对历史主义的痴迷,是一种为设想中的俄国未来寻求支撑的心理,而这不啻于一种知识分子的迷思。限于篇幅,本译文有删节,完整版可参照以赛亚·伯林线上图书馆中所列原文。本文的翻译与发表已获得以赛亚·伯林作品信托机构委托人(The Trusteesof the Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust)授权,以中文形式作为世界首次刊�展开更多
The historical role of the prominent Chinese writer, social activist and thinker Lu Xun （1881-1936）, is difficult to overestimate. His works influenced social change within China and became recognized internationall...The historical role of the prominent Chinese writer, social activist and thinker Lu Xun （1881-1936）, is difficult to overestimate. His works influenced social change within China and became recognized internationally. For these and other reasons, he was of particular interest in the Soviet Union. Since 1932, his works have been published in numerous editions in Russian and have received a great deal of scholarly attention in the Soviet Union. Such unprecedented attention was initially based on the idea that he held similar revolutionary sentiments to those prevailing in the Soviet Union. Later, from the second half of the 1960s to the early 1970s, the ideological disagreements between the Soviet Union and China influenced the direction of Lu Xun studies in the Soviet Union. Soviet leader Khrushchev called for peaceful coexistence with the capitalist West, while Mao Zedong stressed the universal character of the proletarian revolution. Lu Xun was highly respected in both the USSR and China, and thus became an influential tool in this polemic. But, for Soviet scholars, this renewed focus on Lu Xun offered an opportunity to provide a new perspective on the writer＇s works. This paper analyzes how the Sino-Soviet split influenced Russian academics＇ positions on Lu Xun. The focus is on the three main points of contention in the ideological disagreements between the PRC and the USSR. First, Soviet critics focused on the psychological aspects and individualism in the Lu Xun＇s works. Second, a special focus on humanistic elements in the writer＇s ideas can be seen as a result of the Soviet disagreement with the Cultural Revolution＇s period. Third, by pointing to the internationalist aspects of Lu Xun＇s writings, Soviet scholars attempted to expose the Sinocentric political attitudes of the ruling circles in China.展开更多
文摘1962年12月12日,著名思想史家以赛亚·伯林在哈佛大学俄罗斯研究中心做了题名为《俄国知识分子对历史主义的痴迷》的演讲。在1962年至1973年期间,伯林至少四次就这一主题发表演讲,本文所译,是其中第一次、也是内容最翔实的一次演讲。据悉,伯林生前并未授权他的作品主要编辑人亨利·哈代(Henry Hardy)先生将这篇卓越的演讲稿收录进其关于俄国思想史研究的著名文集《俄国思想家》(Russian Thinkers)中,他的其他一些演讲也没有被收录到他的文集中。这可能是因为,每当受邀讨论俄国及相关话题时,伯林都可为听众提供未公开出版的新鲜内容。伯林这四次关于俄国历史主义的演讲虽然主题相似,但每一次内容都不尽相同,不公开出版演讲稿,有助于他继续开拓相关问题的讨论空间。在这篇演讲中,伯林指出,俄国知识分子的思想生成与历史主义理念之间存在深刻的勾连。俄国原创性思想的非连续性使之易受西方思想的侵染,在其中,浪漫主义思潮作为一股重要力量,催生出18世纪末19世纪世纪初俄国的民族意识。自此,俄国人被西方思想塑形,又以之反观自身、并希求自己区别于西方的民族独特性,这种民族热情体现在他们对俄国独特的历史规律、历史目的与历史使命的痴迷之上。恰达耶夫首开其风,西方派和斯拉夫派紧随其后,争论围绕着俄国的历史模型展开,相关理念在19世纪引发了思想风暴,同时也催生了托尔斯泰等人的反历史主义。伯林认为,俄国知识分子对历史主义的痴迷,是一种为设想中的俄国未来寻求支撑的心理,而这不啻于一种知识分子的迷思。限于篇幅,本译文有删节,完整版可参照以赛亚·伯林线上图书馆中所列原文。本文的翻译与发表已获得以赛亚·伯林作品信托机构委托人(The Trusteesof the Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust)授权,以中文形式作为世界首次刊�
文摘The historical role of the prominent Chinese writer, social activist and thinker Lu Xun （1881-1936）, is difficult to overestimate. His works influenced social change within China and became recognized internationally. For these and other reasons, he was of particular interest in the Soviet Union. Since 1932, his works have been published in numerous editions in Russian and have received a great deal of scholarly attention in the Soviet Union. Such unprecedented attention was initially based on the idea that he held similar revolutionary sentiments to those prevailing in the Soviet Union. Later, from the second half of the 1960s to the early 1970s, the ideological disagreements between the Soviet Union and China influenced the direction of Lu Xun studies in the Soviet Union. Soviet leader Khrushchev called for peaceful coexistence with the capitalist West, while Mao Zedong stressed the universal character of the proletarian revolution. Lu Xun was highly respected in both the USSR and China, and thus became an influential tool in this polemic. But, for Soviet scholars, this renewed focus on Lu Xun offered an opportunity to provide a new perspective on the writer＇s works. This paper analyzes how the Sino-Soviet split influenced Russian academics＇ positions on Lu Xun. The focus is on the three main points of contention in the ideological disagreements between the PRC and the USSR. First, Soviet critics focused on the psychological aspects and individualism in the Lu Xun＇s works. Second, a special focus on humanistic elements in the writer＇s ideas can be seen as a result of the Soviet disagreement with the Cultural Revolution＇s period. Third, by pointing to the internationalist aspects of Lu Xun＇s writings, Soviet scholars attempted to expose the Sinocentric political attitudes of the ruling circles in China.
