摘要
为探究不同程度、频率干旱锻炼对冬小麦生理指标、产量和水分利用效率的影响,筛选出合理的干旱锻炼模式,以小偃22为试验材料,选择2种干旱胁迫水平(轻度干旱胁迫:50%~60%FC;中度干旱胁迫:40%~50%FC。FC为田间持水量)和2种干旱锻炼模式(单次干旱锻炼和反复干旱锻炼),以全生育期充分供水(CK,70%~80%FC)为对照(CK),设置仅在抽穗期轻度干旱胁迫(ND-1)、抽穗期中度干旱胁迫(ND-2)、分蘖期轻度干旱胁迫+抽穗期轻度干旱胁迫(D-1)、分蘖期中度干旱胁迫+抽穗期中度干旱胁迫(D-2)、分蘖期轻度干旱胁迫及反复锻炼+抽穗期轻度干旱胁迫(DRD-1)、分蘖期中度干旱胁迫及反复锻炼+抽穗期中度干旱胁迫(DRD-2)共7个处理。通过桶栽试验,测定分析了不同干旱锻炼处理下小麦的光合相关指标、抗氧化参数、渗透调节物质含量、产量和水分利用效率。结果表明,与CK相比,ND-1、ND-2处理下冬小麦产量和水分利用效率显著降低,其中产量降幅分别为13.9%和21.2%,水分利用效率降幅均为5.9%;D-1处理下冬小麦的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合活性、热耗散能力、叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量分别提高13.7%、31.4%、24.7%、1.4%、5.0%、2.7%和4.7%,DRD-1处理下分别提高14.9%、36.1%、27.1%、2.3%、5.1%、12.0%和13.0%。与ND-1处理相比,D-1、DRD-1处理的超氧化物保护酶和脯氨酸的反应速度以及可溶性糖的生成速度均显著加快,D-1处理增幅分别为19.7%、68.3%和31.8个百分点,DRD-1处理增幅分别为24.0%、76.0%、和34.3个百分点;两个处理的过氧化物酶活性均显著减小,降幅分别为8.3%和10.3%;抽穗期复旱对净光合速率、光能转化效率、光化学猝灭系数以及光合色素含量均未产生显著影响,说明超氧化物歧化酶活性和脯氨酸可用于评价作物的抗旱性,轻旱锻炼提高了冬小麦的抗旱性。干旱锻炼对冬小麦增产效果表现为轻度干旱�
In order to investigate the effects of different degrees and frequencies of drought exercise on physiological indices,yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat,and to screen out a reasonable drought exercise mode,the experiment used Xiaoyan 22 as the experimental material,and set up two levels of drought stress(mild drought stress W1:50%-60%FC;moderate drought stress W2:40%-50%FC,where FC is the field capacity)and two drought exercise modes(single drought exercise and repeated drought exercise).Seven treatments were conducted,including W1 at heading stage(ND-1),W2 at heading stage(ND-2),tillering stage W1+heading stage W1(D-1),tillering stage W2+heading stage W2(D-2),W1 and repeated drought exercise at tillering stage+W1 at heading stage(DRD-1),and W2 and repeated drought exercise at tillering stage+W2 at heading stage(DRD-2),using the full water supply(CK,70%~80%FC)during the whole life span as the control treatment.The effects of drought exercise on photosynthesis-related indices,antioxidant protection,osmoregulatory substances,yield and water use efficiency were investigated and analyzed through a pot cultivation experiment.The results showed that compared with CK,winter wheat yield under ND-1 and ND-2 significantly reduced by 13.9%and 21.2%,respectively,and their water use efficiency reduced all by 5.9%;the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,photosynthetic activity,heat dissipation capacity,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of winter wheat increased 13.7%,31.4%,24.7%,1.4%,5.0%,2.7%and 4.7%under D-1,respectively,and the indexes of DRD-1 increased 14.9%,36.1%,27.1%,2.3%,5.1%,12.0%and 13.0%,respectively.Compared with ND-1,the reaction rate of superoxide dismutase,proline soluble and sugar production were significantly accelerated under D-1 and DRD-1 with the increasing range of 19.7%,68.3%and 31.8 percentage points under D-1,24.0%,76.0%and 34.3 percentage points under DRD-1,and the peroxidase activity significantly reduced 8.3%and 10.3%under the two treatments,and drought
作者
张乾惠
霍一帆
董梦琪
李府阳
王晓云
李亮
蔡焕杰
ZHANG Qianhui;HUO Yifan;DONG Mengqi;LI Fuyang;WANG Xiaoyun;LI Liang;CAI Huanjie(College of Water Conservancy and Building Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Dayu Design&Consulting Group Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100070,China)
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期1515-1527,共13页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
关键词
冬小麦
干旱胁迫
干旱锻炼
生理
产量
水分利用效率
Winter wheat
Drought stress
Drought exercise
Physiology
Yield
Water use efficiency
