摘要
负有环境资源监督管理职责的主管部门对其生效的行政决定怠于向人民法院申请强制执行,检察机关在诉前程序无果的情形下向人民法院提起的检察行政公益诉讼虽“于法有据”,但司法实践案例中呈现出的“诉讼的耗时性与环境公益保护的紧迫性存在冲突”“检察机关的胜诉对生效行政决定的执行仅有间接影响”以及“挤占虚耗司法资源”等问题却一再表明,对“怠于申请非诉执行的行为”不加区分地提起检察行政公益诉讼欠缺合理性。“环境执法非诉执行类”检察行政公益诉讼的泛化适用,既是对检察机关“全链条式”监督理念的误用,也是对检察行政公益诉讼“有限监督原则”的违背,还与行政诉讼之“诉的利益理论”存在冲突,建议将“环境执法非诉执行类”检察行政公益诉讼区分为履行职责类诉讼与确认违法类诉讼,对于前者国家可通过立法直接赋予检察机关强制执行申请权的方式予以“赋权替代”,对于后者检察机关可通过提起确认违法类诉讼对生态环境和资源保护主管部门怠于履职行为的违法性予以“宣示”,实现“环境执法非诉执行类”检察行政公益诉讼的区分构造。
The department responsible for environmental supervision and management is slack in applying to the people’s court for compulsory enforcement of its effective administrative decision.There is a legal basis for the procuratorial administrative public interest litigation brought by the procuratorial organ to the people’s court when the pre-litigation procedure is unsuccessful.However,in judicial practice cases,issues such as“the time-consuming nature of litigation conflict with the urgency of environmental public welfare protection”,“the procuratorial organ’s victory has only an indirect impact on the effective administrative decision”,and“crowding and wasting judicial resources”have shown that it is unreasonable for environmental law enforcement to file procuratorial and administrative public interest litigation without distinction.The“absoluteization”of procuratorial administrative public interest litigation of“environmental law enforcement,not litigation enforcement”is not only a misuse of the“full chain”supervision concept of procuratorial organs,but also a violation of the“limited supervision principle”of procuratorial administrative public interest litigation.Meanwhile,there is a conflict in the“interest theory of litigation”.Therefore,it is suggested that the procuratorial administrative public interest litigation of“non-litigation environmental law enforcement litigation”be divided into litigation of performing duties and confirmation of illegal litigation.For the former,the state can directly give the procuratorial organ the right to apply for compulsory execution to give“empowerment replacement”through legislation;for the latter,the procuratorial organ can“declare”the illegality of the ecological environment and resources protection departments negligent in performing their duties by filing illegal litigation,so as to realize the differentiated structure of procuratorial administrative public interest litigation of“non-litigation enforcement of environme
作者
唐绍均
汪肇东
TANG Shao-jun;WANG Zhao-dong
出处
《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期25-36,共12页
Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
重庆市社科规划办哲学社会科学法学专项一般项目“检察公益诉讼专门立法研究”(2023FX23)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目“生命共同体理念下自然资源一体化治理研究”(2024CDJSKPT06)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目“环境罚款处罚的修复性易科制度研究”(2023CDJSKJJ01)。
关键词
环境执法
非诉执行
检察行政公益诉讼
强制执行申请权
environmental law enforcement
non-litigation enforcement
procuratorial and administrative public interest litigation
right to apply for enforcement
