摘要
《行政处罚法》第49条为我国突发事件下行政处罚程序的调适提供了法律依据,以提升行政机关应对突发事件的效率和能力。社会公众亦有义务容忍和服从这一特殊安排,以配合行政机关尽快将社会秩序恢复至常规状态。突发事件下行政处罚程序调适的场域涵盖内部和外部两个环节,手段则包括省略步骤、变通形式、调整顺序、压缩时限、优化方式等多种。基于人权保障的根本要求,突发事件下行政处罚程序的调适仍须遵循一定限度。行政机关应以比例原则为衡量尺度,能够通过常规行政处罚程序实现目的,就尽量不要行使行政处罚程序调适这一“特权”;确需行使的,也应根据紧急形势的需要选择恰当的调适种类和幅度。行政机关应以正当程序为调适底线,不得简化表明身份、说明理由、听取陈述与申辩、告知权利等制度,确保行政处罚程序的核心要素和价值不受减损。
Article 49 of the Administrative Punishment Law provides a legal basis for the adjustment of administrative punishment procedures under emergencies in our country,in order to improve the efficiency and ability of administrative organs to deal with emergency situations.The public also has an obligation to tolerate and obey this special arrangement of the state in order to cooperate with the executive authorities to restore social order to a normal state as soon as possible.The field of adjustment of administrative penalty procedure under emergency situations covers both internal and external,and the means include omitting steps,flexible forms,adjustment order,compression time limit,optimization and so on.Based on the fundamental requirement of human rights protection,the adjustment of administrative penalty procedures in emergency situations still needs to be within certain limits.The administrative organ should use the principle of proportionality as the measurement standard.If the purpose can be achieved through regular administrative penalty procedures,it is best not to exercise the“privilege”of adjusting the procedures.If it is necessary to exercise it,the appropriate type and extent of adjustment should be chosen according to the urgency of the situation.The administrative organ should take due process as the bottom line for adjustment and not simplify procedures such as identifying oneself,explaining the reasons,hearing statements and arguments,and informing rights,to ensure that the core elements and values of administrative procedures are not diminished.
作者
梅扬
Mei Yang(Law School of Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072)
出处
《政法论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期158-171,共14页
Journal of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“紧急状态下公民权利克减的法治难题及其对策研究”(21CFX016)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
突发事件
行政处罚
程序调适
比例原则
正当程序
Jemergency situations
administrative penalties
procedural adjustment
proportionality principle
due process
