论事案解明义务的规制模式与路径展开

On the Regulatory Model and Pathway Development of the Obligation of Gathering Fact and Evidence

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摘要我国的事案解明义务呈现出程序规范上的分散性、实体规范上的个别性、理论解释的分歧性,严重影响到事案解明的模式转型、实体与程序的路径选择、程序内容的合理展开。事案解明义务比主观证明责任动态配置论、初步证明责任论更具解释力的整合优势,能够充分解释本证标准的降低、反证动机的产生、消极后果的认定,有必要从隐性法理迈向明文规范。实体法初成的赋权型与义务型规范远未形成健全周延的体系,而诉讼法上事案解明义务具有填补救济范围和简化实现方式的功能,应当由请求权的分散建构转向程序聚焦模式。事案解明的构成要件包括申请与抗辩要件,法律效果更适宜采用推定真实说而非自由心证说,效果性评价规范更利于限定义务的边界。 Our country’s obligation of gathering fact and evidence presents the dispersion of procedural norms,the individuality of entity norms and the divergence of theoretical interpretations,which seriously affects the mode transformation of gathering fact and evidence,the choice of paths between entity and procedure,the reasonable development of procedural content.The obligation of gathering fact and evidence has integration advantage of explanatory power,namely the ability to adequately explain the lowering of standard of proof,the motives of providing counterevidence and the identification of negative consequences,so as to become a explicit legal norm from implicit jurisprudence.The empowering and obligatory norms initially formed in the substantive law are far from sound and comprehensive system,and the obligation of gathering fact and evidence in the procedural law has the function of filling the scope of relief and simplifying the way of realization,so there should be a shift from a decentralized construction of claims to a procedurally focused model.The constituent elements include the elements of application and defense,the legal effect is more appropriate to adopt the doctrine of presumptive truth rather than the doctrine of free evaluating evidence,and the effectiveness evaluation norms are more conducive to delimiting the boundary of obligation.

作者曹建军 CAO Jianjun(Law School,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区中央财经大学法学院

出处《现代法学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第5期177-193,共17页 Modern Law Science

基金教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“民法典实施与证明规范配套研究”(21YJC820002) 国家社科基金一般项目“执行法典化背景下的债务人异议之诉体系化研究”(23BFX138)。

关键词事案解明信息提供证据收集主张责任证明责任 gathering of fact and evidence information provision evidence collection burden of claim burden of proof

分类号 DF72 [政治法律—诉讼法学]