摘要
作为碳减排机制核心要素的两种排放单位之一,碳信用在国际航空碳减排领域得到了更为广泛的适用。实践中,国际航空运输所具备的跨国性特征使其相较于其他行业更容易受到多项减排机制的规制和管辖,国际航班运营人也需要依照不同机制的要求提交碳信用、履行减排义务。但包括国际民航组织“国际航空碳抵消与减排计划”在内的不同减排机制对碳信用的适用规则与认定标准存在差异,在国际碳减排机制存在交叉或重叠适用的背景下,不可避免地会产生碳信用的种类、期限与效力等冲突。此外,因欧盟碳交易机制拒绝承认碳信用的抵免资格,又会引发碳信用的资格冲突。以上冲突不仅阻碍国际航空碳减排工作的开展,还不合理地增加了各减排责任主体的抵免负担。为解决前述问题,国际社会可尝试从明确各机制间的关系、规范减排项目及其成果的认定程序以及回应欧盟对碳信用质量的关切等方面有针对性地采取措施。中国作为经济发展与碳排放大国,有必要结合航空产业现状,制定能够维护中国合法利益、兼顾各方需求的有效应对方案。
As one of the two emission units that are the core elements of carbon emission reduction mechanisms,carbon credit has been more widely applied in the field of international aviation carbon emission reduction.In practice,the cross-border characteristic of international aviation transportation determines that it is more likely to be regulated and governed by multiple emission reduction mechanisms than other industries,and international aeroplane operators also need to submit carbon credits and fulfill carbon emission reduction obligations in accordance with the requirements from different mechanisms.However,including the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation(CORSIA)established by the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO),different emission reduction mechanisms have different applicable rules and recognition standards of carbon credits.In the context of cross or overlapping applications of international carbon emission reduction mechanisms,carbon credits conflicts willinevitably arise regarding the types,terms,and effectiveness.In addition,the EU Emissions Trading System(EU ETS)refuses to recognize that the offsetting eligibility of carbon credit can lead to the eligibility conflict of carbon credits.The above conflicts not only hinder the implementation of international aviation carbon emission reduction,but also unreasonably increase the compliance burden of various emission reduction responsibility entities.In order to solve the aforementioned problems,the international community shall take targeted measures in several aspects,such as clarifying the relationship between the various international emission reduction mechanisms,standardizing the identification process of emission reduction projects and project emission reduction units and responding to the EU's concerns about carbon credit quality.As a large country of economic development and carbon emission,it is necessary for China to take into account the current situation of China's aviation industry to formulate effective
作者
李万强
王思炜
Li Wanqiang;Wang Siwei
出处
《国际法研究》
2024年第2期113-126,共14页
Chinese Review of International Law
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“健全境外投资促进与保障法律体系研究”(21AZD065)的阶段性成果。
关键词
国际航空
碳减排
排放单位
碳信用
适用冲突
International Aviation
Carbon Emission Reduction
Emission Units
Carbon Credit
ApplicationConflicts
