摘要
低生育问题成为中国未来面临的社会难题,为了治理低生育率问题,中央政府先后出台了“单独二孩”“全面两孩”和三孩政策,各地政府积极跟进,但收效甚微。如何才能够使生育率得到回升呢?由于生育是关乎亿万家庭和国家发展的大事,既是个体民生又是国家兴衰、民族复兴的公共性事务,生育问题也就成为具有公共性的问题。通过梳理国内外应对低生育率的公共政策实践经验,总结分析当前我国推升生育率政策效果不佳的原因。基于公共政策视域研究认为,需要通过制度、文化的建构和形塑,在约束不生“源头”的基础之上与“激励”和“扶持”个体生育需求相结合,系统性多维度协同促进生育率回升到适度水平。
The problem of low fertility has become a social problem facing China in the future.In order to deal with the problem of low fertility,the central government has introduced the policies of“selective two-child”,“universal two-child”and“third child”.Local governments have actively followed up but with little effect.How can fertility rates recover?Since fertility is a major event related to the development of hundreds of millions of families and the country,and it is not only a public affair related to the livelihood of individuals,but also the rise and fall of the country and the rejuvenation of the nation,the fertility issue has also become a public issue.To this end,by reviewing the practical experience of public policies at home and abroad to address low fertility rates,we summarize and analyze the reasons for the poor effectiveness of China′s current policy to promote fertility rates.Based on the perspective of public policies,we believe that it is necessary to construct and shape institutions and culture,and combine them with“incentives”and“support”individual fertility needs on the basis of constraining the“source”of infertility,in order to systematically and multi-dimensionally coordinate and promote the recovery of fertility rates to an appropriate level.
作者
王金营
张龙飞
WANG Jinying;ZHANG Longfei(Population and Health Development Center,Hebei University,Baoding 071000,China)
出处
《人口与发展》
北大核心
2024年第1期2-12,共11页
Population and Development
基金
全国哲学社会科学工作办公室,研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“增强综合实力的中国人口长期发展战略研究”(21ZDA108)。
关键词
低生育率
生育政策
生育意愿
Low Fertility Rate
Birth Policy
Fertility Willingness
