摘要
【目的】挖掘黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus共生真菌在秸秆资源利用上的应用潜力,为实现秸秆生物降解产业化补充菌种资源并提供理论依据。【方法】以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)平板为分离培养基,采用刚果红染色法筛选,从黑翅土白蚁肠道中分离筛选具有木质纤维素降解活性的真菌,并测定纤维素酶活性。在液态发酵条件下,评估不同真菌以及真菌组合对水稻Oryza sativa秸秆的降解效果,利用傅立叶红外光谱、X射线晶体衍射和扫描电镜分析降解前后水稻秸秆的理化性质。【结果】从黑翅土白蚁肠道中共分离到4种具有木质纤维素降解活性的真菌,经鉴定分别为安拉阿巴德篮状菌Talaromyces allahabadensis、刺孢篮状菌T.aculeatus、黑曲霉Aspergillus niger和灰孔多年卧孔菌Perenniporia tephropora。纤维素酶活结果显示:黑曲霉的内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶活性最高,安拉阿巴德篮状菌的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性最高。水稻秸秆降解试验表明:黑曲霉与灰孔多年卧孔菌双菌组合具有最强的秸秆降解能力,20 d内可降解秸秆中38.27%的干物质、62.59%的纤维素和51.75%的半纤维素。降解后水稻秸秆内部化学键和分子间作用力被破坏,结晶度由22.44%上升至32.53%,秸秆表面崩解碎裂,结构蓬松化。【结论】从黑翅土白蚁肠道分离得到的黑曲霉和灰孔多年卧孔菌在组合降解水稻秸秆时表现出极强的降解能力,在秸秆生物降解产业化上具有潜在的开发价值。
[Objective]This study aims to explore the application potential of symbiotic fungi of Odontotermes formosanus in the utilization of straw resources,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the industrialization of straw biodegradation and supplement strain resources.[Method]Using CMC-Na plate as isolation medium and Congo red staining method for screening,the fungi with lignocellulose degrading activity were isolated and screened from the gut of O.formosanus and cellulase activities were measured.The degradation effect of different fungi and fungal combinations on Oryza sativa(rice)straw was evaluated under liquid fermentation.The physicochemical properties of rice straw before and after degradation were analyzed using FTIR,XRD and SEM.[Result]4 fungi with lignocellulose degrading activity were isolated from the gut of O.formosanus,identified as Talaromyces allahabadensis,T.aculeatus,Aspergillus niger and Perenniporia tephropora.Cellulase activity results showed that A.niger had the highest activity of endoglucanase and exoglucanase,while T.allahabadensis had the highest activity ofβ-glucosidase.The rice straw degradation test showed that the combination of A.niger and P.tephropora had the strongest straw degradation ability.Within 20 days,38.27%of dry matter,62.59%of cellulose and 51.75%of hemicellulose in rice straw could be degraded.After degradation,the internal chemical bonds and intermolecular forces in rice straw were destroyed,and crystallinity increased from 22.44%to 32.52%.The straw surface disintegrated and smashed,and the structure became fluffy.[Conclusion]A.niger and P.tephropora isolated from the gut of O.formosanus show strong degradation ability in the combined degradation of rice straw,and have potential development value in the industrialization of straw biodegradation.
作者
沈毅
漆梦雯
羊桂英
周琪欢
余婷
李吴晗
莫建初
SHEN Yi;QI Mengwen;YANG Guiying;ZHOU Qihuan;YU Ting;LI Wuhan;MO Jianchu(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests,Institute of Insect Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《浙江农林大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1224-1231,共8页
Journal of Zhejiang A&F University
基金
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(32071771)。
关键词
黑翅土白蚁
共生真菌
纤维素酶
秸秆资源利用
Odontotermes formosanus
symbiotic fungus
cellulase
utilization of straw resources
