摘要
在新一轮能源革命背景下,能源转型业已成为国际社会广泛关注的热点和难点问题。为应对气候变化,实现可持续发展,几乎所有国家都制定了能源转型战略和政策。在全球能源转型进程中,中南半岛的越南、泰国、老挝、柬埔寨和缅甸等五国是一组比较典型的观察案例,其折射出发展中国家和欠发达国家能源转型之艰。文章依据最新统计数据梳理中南半岛五国能源转型现状,在对比目标与现实差距的基础上,深入分析中南半岛五国能源转型缓慢的主要原因,并探讨中南半岛五国未来转型发展前景。研究认为,中南半岛五国能源资源禀赋好,但碳排放强度高、能源需求旺盛和能源贫困等问题并存。尽管中南半岛五国都已确立能源转型目标,但受政府能源转型力度不足,治理能力较弱,资金、技术、人才缺乏以及外部政治干扰等因素影响,能源转型仍处于初级阶段的低起点。中南半岛五国能源转型之路反映了发展中国家和欠发达国家普遍存在的“能源安全风险较大、能源公平程度较低和环境可持续性较差”的“能源三难困境”,但绝非不可突破。展望未来,要促进有效能源转型,中南半岛五国应坚定能源转型决心,提高能源治理能力,创新融资、人才培养和科技合作模式,妥善处理国内外利益关系。
In the context of the new round of energy revolution,energy transition has become a hot issue of wide concern to the international community.In order to cope with climate change and achieve sustainable development,almost all countries have formulated energy transition strategies and policies.In the process of the global energy transition,the five countries on the Indo-China Peninsula,i.e.,Vietnam,Thailand,Laos,Cambodia and Myanmar,are a group of typical cases,reflecting the difficulties of energy transition in developing countries and underdeveloped countries.Based on the latest statistical data,this paper reviews the current situation of energy transition in the five countries,performs an in-depth analysis of the main reasons for the slow energy transition by comparing the differences between the goals and reality,and discusses their prospects of future transition and development.According to the study,the five countries are well endowed with energy resources,but problems such as high carbon emission intensity,strong energy demand,and energy poverty coexist.Although they have set energy transition goals,energy transition is still at the starting point of its early stages due to insufficient government efforts in energy transition,weak governance capabilities,a lack of funds,technology and talent shortage,and external political interference.The road to energy transition in the five countries reflects the"energy trilemma"commonly faced by developing countries and underdeveloped countries,that is high energy security risks,low energy equity and poor environmental sustainability,but it is not impossible to break through.In order to promote effective energy transition in the future,the countries should strengthen their determination,improve their energy governance capacity,innovate financing,personnel training and scientific and technological cooperation models,and properly handle domestic and foreign interests.
出处
《东南亚纵横》
2023年第5期100-110,共11页
Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies
基金
广东省哲学社会科学规划2023年度学科共建项目“碳中和视域下东南亚能源转型的困境与对策研究”的阶段性成果(批准号:GD23XYJ58)。
关键词
中南半岛
能源转型
可再生能源
能源安全
Indo-China Peninsula
energy transition
renewable energy
energy security
