语序灵活性的限度和语音层漂移的性质与条件

Limitation of Word Order Flexibility and the Nature and Conditions of Movement at the Level of Phonetic Form

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摘要移位分析是语法理论处理和解释异形同义句法格式间异同关系的基本手段和基本工具,移位根据其发生的层面可以分为三类:明移、暗移和漂移。其中,明移发生于显性句法结构的推导过程中,所见即所得;暗移发生于逻辑式层面,看似未动,实际已移;漂移发生在语音式层面,看似已动,实则未移。三类性质不同的移位操作发生的语言层面不同,并且诱发动因和运行条件也各不相同。明移的诱发动因主要是为了满足表层结构中句法条件的要求,暗移则是为了满足逻辑式中某些特定的语义解释条件,漂移的诱发动因既非表层句法条件,也不是逻辑式中的语义解释要求,而是“急促”和“强调”两大语用因素的共同驱动。本文通过对汉语中主谓结构倒装句、状中结构倒装句和述补结构倒装句等实际案例的分析,重在论述“漂移”并非仅仅是源自理论系统内部的抽象概念。在此理论体系和分析框架下,一系列重要的语序现象和语法案例将会得到重新整理和重新解释。那些看似随机偶然飘忽不定的灵活句法现象会得到圈定和限制,而这些案例的研究有助于发展和完善漂移理论本身,尤其是此种移位的性质定位、驱动因素和限制条件。 Movement analysis is a fundamental means by which similarities and differences between syntactically different yet semantically similar sentences can be properly captured and analyzed. Three types of movement at different dimensions of language can be identified: overt movement, covert movement, and scrambling. Overt movement takes place in overt syntax, covert movement in Logical Form, and scrambling perhaps in Phonetic Form. Different types of movement are motivated differently and are subject to different conditions. Overt movement takes place mainly to satisfy certain syntactic conditions such as Case requirement, covert movement is required when some semantic interpretations cannot be appropriately obtained otherwise. It is argued that scrambling at the level of Phonetic Form is motivated jointly by two pragmatic reasons of [Hasty]and [Emphasis].It is demonstrated in this article that some well-known invented constructions and flexible word ordering phenomena can be recaptured and reinterpreted under the theoretical framework articulated, and these case studies of the Chinese language in turn make a significant contribution to the scrambling theory itself especially its theoretical status, motivations, and operation conditions.

作者徐杰杨西彬倪广妍 Xu Jie;Yang Xibin;Ni Guangyan(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Faculty of Arts and Humanities,University of Macao,Taipa Macao 999078;International College,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua Zhejiang 321004;International College,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing 400065)

机构地区澳门大学人文学院中国语言文学系浙江师范大学国际学院重庆邮电大学国际学院

出处《语言科学》北大核心 2023年第5期449-468,共20页 Linguistic Sciences

基金 2018年重庆市社会科学规划项目(2018QNYY63)的经费支持

关键词语音式漂移倒装句限度条件汉语 scrambling inverted construction limitation condition Chinese

分类号 H146.3 [语言文字—汉语]