摘要
离合词指构词成分可以"分离"的词,不完整词指构词成分可以"部分缺失"的词。表面上看离合词和不完整词都违反了词的完整性,文章认为,违反完整性是假象,离合词的"分离"和不完整词的"部分缺失"都是语音层面的同形删略造成的,在结构上并不违反词的完整性。同形删略的方式主要受两端保留原则和核心词性一致原则的限制。从根本上说,离合词其实就是前后出现的两个不完整词。离合词中,最重要的类型是由"隐性轻动词+实义动词"结构发生实义动词拷贝和同形删略而形成的离合词,这种结构与准定语结构实为相同结构。在准定语结构中由于存在重复出现的同形动词而发生动词的删略,造成定语与其修饰的中心语在语义和句法上的"错位"。
There are two special types of compound words in Mandarin, i. e. , separable words and incompleted words. Separable words refer to the words whose constituents can be separated from each other in use. Incompleted words are the words which allow the absence of certain constituents in use. It seems that the grammatical behaviors of these compound words violate the principle of ‘ lexical integrity＇. Nonetheless, our study reveals that this ‘violation＇ is indeed a false appearance because both the separation and the absence of constituents are the result of a phonetic change, that is ‘ haplology＇. In other words, the peculiar behaviors of separable words and incompleted words actually do not violate the ‘ lexical integrity＇ in syntax. Furthermore, we find that the haplology occurring in these two types of words is subject to the following two principles： in our terminology, one is called ‘ retention of the ends＇ and the other is‘ categorical consistency to the head＇ In our analysis, a separable word, in fact, is two incompleted words appearing fore and after respectively in a sentence. As for them, the most important subtype is the one which derives from the construction ＇ light verb＋ lexical verb＇ through duplication and deletion of the lexical verb. Besides, the ‘ light verb＋lexical verb＇ construction is structurally the same with the pseudo-attributive construction in essence. The latter construction, in which the attributive and the head are malposed in semantics and syntax, is generated by deleting one verb in the surface structure due to that the verb emerges twice in the deep structure.
出处
《语言科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期225-249,共25页
Linguistic Sciences
关键词
离合词
不完整词
同形删略
准定语
轻动词
separable words
incompleted words
haplology
pseudo attributive
light verbs
