摘要
起居注是魏晋南北朝时期史学著述的重要体裁,学界的相关研究大多基于史学史的视角。从文本考察入手,从史志编纂与政务运行关系的角度,尝试对起居注重新做出探讨:这种文本兼有历史记述和档案汇编的双重性质,“君举必书”的历史传统为十六国北朝所承袭,“秘为注记”至唐代形成定制,起居注成为秘而不宣的政府机密文档;与此相较,“王命之副”则是东晋南朝起居注的主要特征,是君主诏令、群臣奏议等政府行政文书的汇编。东晋南朝的起居注的撰录并不完全是政府行为,在“遭离丧乱,旧典不存”的特定的历史背景下,除作为史志编纂素材之外,东晋南朝起居注是政府日常政务处置提供参考和借鉴的公开文本,成为士人中广泛传抄的“官场教科书”。南朝起居注中“人君言行动止”记述的缺失,则间接催生了“实录”这一中古史著新体裁的诞生。
Qijuzhu(imperial diaries)is an important type of historical writings during the Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties.So far,most of the academic studies focused on Qijuzhu are conduct from the perspective of historiography.This paper attempts to re-examine the content of Qijuzhu by looking at it as a compilation of historical events and a record of imperial affairs.Qijuzhu has a dual significance as it is both a historical account and an archival compilation.The historical tradition of"must record the ruler's every action"was inherited by the Northern Dynasties and the Sixteen Kingdoms,and by Tang Dynasty,it had become customary for these"records to be kept in secret".In contrast,the Qijuzhu from Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties was known for being a"record of the ruler's orders".It became a compilation of imperial administrative documents such as imperial decrees and ministerial motions.The writing of Qijuzhu during Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties was also not a completely government-driven endeavor.In the specific historical context of"the old decrees no longer function in a time of turbulence and disorder",Qijuzhu was an essential public record that provided references and precedents for officials in addressing daily administrative affairs.It was a"textbook for officialdom"and was widely copied among government officials.The absence of the account of the"words and actions of the ruler"in the Southern Dynasties'Qijuzhu was a prelude to the emergence of Veritable Records,a new genre of historical writings in China's Middle Ages.
作者
陈爽
Chen Shuang(Institute of Ancient History,Chinese Academy of Social Science,Bejing,100101,China)
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期47-58,共12页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
起居注
魏晋南北朝
行政文书
Qijuzhu
Wei,Jin and North-South Dynasties
administrative documents
