摘要
起居注是中国古代官方制度化的、按照日期顺序记述当朝皇帝言行和朝廷政务的史籍,这种记史体制的形成有一个长期发展的进程。先秦的记史理念奠定了思想基础,汉代的"著记"为其前身,而东汉的"起居注"提供了史籍的名称,至两晋形成初步的官方记史制度。从北魏孝文帝定立起居注制度始,北朝的少数民族政权对此做出重要贡献,隋唐主要承袭了北朝制度,至唐代确立了理想化的起居注记史体制。其特点是直接的即时记载,奉从据事直书原则,更具备不许皇帝查看的独特性,这对皇权专制有一定的牵制作用。后来各朝代未能完全贯彻这种体制,但也无法否定唐代所确立起居注制度的合理与正义。
The Qijuzhu,as a kind of history books on emperors daily life and the imperial government chronically,was officially institutionalized. There was a long process for the system to develop. The idea of recording history in pre-Qin period was the basis of this system; the book style of ＂Zuji＂in the Han dynasty was its predecessor,and the name＂Qijuzhu＂came out in the Eastern Han period,with the official system germinating in the East and West Jin period. The Qijuzhu system had been formed and developed officially in the Northern Dynasties when Emperor Xiaowen began to set up the system,and the minority regimes of the Northern Dynasties made a great contribution. Then,the Sui and Tang followed the Northern Dynasties to adopt this system. Moreover,the Tang Dynasty established an ideal Qijuzhu system with some special characteristics such as instantaneous and direct record based on facts without supervisions from emperors,which curbed the imperial autocracy. Later,although it was hard for every dynasty to carry out this system completely,it was also hard to deny the rationality and justice of the Qijuzhu system established in the Tang Dynasty.
出处
《史学史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第2期8-16,共9页
Journal of Historiography
关键词
著记
起居注
记史体制
名实之辨
Zuji Qijuzhu history-recording system discrimination between name and reality
