摘要
程序问题适用法院地法(又称法院地法原则)因有利于维护诉讼效率,仍为国际民事诉讼程序问题法律适用的基本原则,最密切联系原则不足以撼动其地位。不过,为了避免法院通过识别操纵法律适用结果,立法者应界清实体问题与程序问题。鉴于法院地法原则有其理念上的缺陷,应考虑为其发展出两类例外。其一,为避免涉外司法中程序与实体二分主义的缺陷,实现《民事诉讼法》第2条设定的“正确适用法律”和“保护当事人合法权益”之目的,在必要时应允许法院适用实体问题准据法上的程序规则。其二,为矫正极端的国家本位主义倾向,更充分地保障当事人的程序性权益,应允许发展出关于程序问题的双边冲突规则。此外,为追求程序问题法律适用结果的妥当性,法官应特别注意解决法院地程序规则适用过程中出现的先决问题与适应问题,必要时变通适用法院地程序规则。
The principle of“procedural issues are governed by the lex fori”(here in after refered to as lex-fori-principle)is regarded as the principle for choice of law in procedual issues.Its legitimation is supported by the fact that it meets the requirement of judicial efficiency,and it cannot be replaced by the closest connection principle.Nevertheless,procedural issues and substantial issues should be defined by the legislator in order to evade manipulated characterization.When we embrace the“dichotomism of substance and procedure”,it means that the organic relationship formulated for certain functions or purposes between substantial rules and procedural rules will be disturbed unavoidably.According to the ends of“correct application of law”and“protection of lawful rights and interests of the parties”stipulated in Art.2 of Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China,it's necessary to formulate the first category of the exceptions to allow judges to apply certain procedural rules in the lex causae of substantial issues.The second category of the exceptions,which result from the recession of“state-centralism”,allow formulation of procedural bilateral conflict rules when there are legitimate procedural rights or interests to apply foreign procedural law.Besides,in pursuit of just result in application of law in procedural issues and in order to achieve ends of certain procedural institutions,it's necessary for judges to realize that they should resolve preliminary matters and adjustment matters in consideration of the purposes of specific procedural rules properly.And it means that the procedural rules for domestic litigations should be applied with necessary modifications in necessity.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第8期172-191,共20页
Law Science
基金
2022年度国家社科基金青年项目“涉外法治视域下我国跨国行政执法研究”(批准号22CFX011)的阶段性成果。
关键词
程序问题
实体问题
法院地法原则
法院地法
双边冲突规则
procedural issues
substantial issues
lex-fori-principle
lex fori
bilateral conflict rules
