摘要
外国判决具有"确定性"是其得到域外承认与执行的基本前提之一。然而,对于判决"确定"的标准,各国、各法系之间尚存在诸多差异,这影响着外国判决的承认与执行。鉴于"确定性要件"日益突出的重要性,海牙判决公约计划就"确定性要件"达成了折中方案,意在引入为各国普遍接受的判决确定性标准。我国《民事诉讼法》等国内法要求外国判决"发生法律效力",双边司法协助协定引入了"确定性要件",而我国司法实践并未充分关注"确定性要件"的适用。"确定性要件"的合理架构及适用应成为我国未来有关外国判决承认与执行立法及司法完善的重要方面。关于"确定性要件"的完善进路,应充分考虑海牙判决公约方案的开放性、国际性立场。
The"finality"of foreign judgments is one of the basic conditions for the recognition and enforcement thereof.However,there are still many differences among countries regarding when a judgment is"final",which affects the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments.In view of the increasingly prominent role of the"finality requirement",the Hague Judgment Convention Project reached a compromise on"finality requirement"in its recent conventions,which were intended to introduce the finality standard that is generally accepted by countries.China’s Civil Procedural Law and other domestic laws require foreign judgments to be"legally effective".Bilateral agreements on judicial assistance have introduced the"finality requirement"that varies widely,while China’s judicial practice has not fully attached importance to the"finality requirement".The reasonable structure and application of the requirements should become an important aspect of China’s future legislation and judicial improvement on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in China.As regards the approach to improve the"finality requirement",the open and international position of the Hague Judgment conventions should be fully considered.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
CSSCI
2020年第2期19-38,共20页
Wuhan University International Law Review
基金
2017年度北京市社会科学基金项目“外国判决在中国承认与执行中的若干关键问题研究”(项目批准号:17FXC031)的阶段性成果
关键词
外国判决确定性要件
判决的承认与执行
终局性
选择法院协议公约
承认与执行外国民商事判决公约
the finality requirement of foreign judgments
recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments
finality
The Hague Convention on the Choice of Court Agreements
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters
