摘要
渔民渔船在争议海域参与海洋维权活动是南海争端事件中曾经发生的一种现象。西方一些官员、学者和媒体却有选择和针对性地指责中国渔民渔船的海洋维权活动“违反”国际法,要求中国为此承担法律责任和赔偿损失,抛出所谓“民兵渔船国家责任论”。此说不符合《国家责任条款》确立的国家责任归因要件和标准,也与我国渔民渔船参与海洋维权活动的具体事实不符,无论是从行为要件和违法要件进行评估都难于成立。通过对2009年美国“无瑕”号舰船事件和2012年黄岩岛事件等有关情况的分析,可以看到涉事中国渔民渔船的行为客观上呼应了国家海洋维权需要,履行了公民义务,但并未构成违反国家承担具体国际义务的法律事实。“民兵渔船国家责任论”在话语上具有欺骗性,其政治宣传大于法律意义,同时也需警惕美国炒作相关议题、进一步推动南海争端“法律化”动向。
The participation of fisherman’s fishing boats inmaritime rights protection activities in disputed waters is a phenomenonthat has occurred in the South China Sea disputes. However, some Westernofficials, scholars and media have selectively and specifically accusedChinese fsherman’s fshing boats of “violating” international law in theirmaritime rights protection activities, demanding that China bear legalresponsibilities and compensate for losses, introducing the so-call “MilitiaFishing Boats’ State Responsibility Theory”. This theory does not conformto the factors and standards of attribution of State responsibility establishedby the “State Responsibility Clause”, neither dose it conform to thespecifc facts of Chinese fsherman’s fshing boats participating in maritimerights protection activities. So, it is difficult to establish the assessmenteither from the behavior elements or the legal elements. Through theanalysis of relevant situations such as the 2009 USS Impeccable incidentand the 2012 Huangyan Island incident, we can see that the actions ofChinese fsherman’s fshing boats involved objectively echoed the needs ofthe State to protect its maritime rights and fulflled their civic obligations,thus constituting no violation of the legal fact that the State has undertakenspecific international obligations. The“Militia Fishing Boats’ StateResponsibility Theory” is deceptive in term of discourse, and its politicalpropaganda is more significant than its legal significance. At the sametime, it is necessary to guard against the US hyping up relevant issues andfurther promoting the legalization of the South China Sea dispute.
作者
崔浩然
于向东
Cui Haoran;Yu Xiangdong(Law School,Shanghai University;School of Marxism,Zhengzhou University)
出处
《和平与发展》
CSSCI
2023年第3期67-90,171,共25页
Peace and Development
基金
福建省社科研究基地重大项目“海洋维权‘渔船国家责任论’的舆情与对策研究”(项目编号:FJ2022JDZ006)
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)自主科研项目“无人船舶和海洋无人设备相关法律问题研究”(项目编号:SML2020SP005)的阶段性成果。
