摘要
生态环境损害赔偿诉讼是我国环境司法的新事物,在司法理念和实践上,要特别重视并处理好能动性与谦抑性的辩证关系。环境司法能动性因应“市场失灵”与“政府失灵”双重困境,而环境司法谦抑性则是环境司法权适度扩张后,尊重环境行政权积极行使、恪守司法权行使的原则与底线。生态环境损害赔偿责任特殊的防御属性意味着当行政机关“风险预防不能”时,法院需要积极主动地实施预防性、填补性程序措施。生态环境损害赔偿司法能动性体现为“实体利益调整型”和“技术(程序)调整型”两种模式。现阶段,我国应以特色案例指导制度为代表的“实体谦抑”方式为基础,并辅之以程序为取向的司法审查、预防性程序的适用等“程序能动”方式,以寻求程序正义与实体正义间的相对平衡与协调,并实现对环境保护中各种“左和右”错误倾向的司法校正。
Compensation litigation for ecological environmental damage is a new thing in China’s environmental justice.In judicial philosophy and practice,we should pay special attention to the dialectical relationship between activism and modesty.The environmental judicial activism is put forward under the dual background of“market failure”and“government failure”,and judicial modesty means that after the moderate expansion of environmental jurisdiction,we should respect the active exercise of environmental administrative power and abide by the principle and bottom line of exercising environmental jurisdiction.The special defensive nature of the liability for ecological environmental damage means that when administrative organs cannot prevent risks,courts need to implement preventive and compensatory procedural measures proactively.On this basis,the judicial activism of compensation for ecological environmental damage embodies two modes:“substantial interest adjustment”and“technical(procedure)adjustment”.At the present stage,we should base on the“substantial modesty”represented by the characteristic case guidance system,assisted by“procedures activism”,such as the proceduraloriented judicial review,and the application of preventive procedures,seeking the relative balance between procedural justice and substantive justice.
出处
《湖湘法学评论》
2023年第2期116-138,共23页
HUXIANG LAW REVIEW
基金
国家社科基金重大项目:建立健全自然资源资产产权制度研究(22ZDA109)。
关键词
环境司法
生态环境损害
能动性
谦抑性
environmental justice
ecological environmental damage
activism
modesty
