摘要
目的评估某石化厂噪声所致工人听力损失的风险水平。方法于2020年10月,采取整群抽样的方法,抽取广东省某石化厂488名噪声作业男性工人作为研究对象。采用ISO 1999:2013《声学噪声性听力损失的评估》评估工人目前和未来噪声所致听力的发生风险,采用护听器适合性检验测试工人佩戴护听器的个人声衰减值(PAR),对比不同听力结果工人的风险评估结果、适合性检验结果。结果该石化厂男性工人平均噪声暴露等效声级为86.7 dB(A),工人PAR的中位数为16(4,23)dB,不同听力结果工人的年龄和工龄的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),噪声强度和PAR的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ISO1999:2013方法的风险结果显示,工人目前高频听力损失的发生风险均为可忽略风险和可接受风险,噪声聋的发生风险为可忽略风险者452人(92.7%),中等风险者27人(5.5%),高风险者9人(1.8%)。暴露在噪声强度为>94~97 dB和>97 dB的工人未来5~15年发生噪声所致高频听力损失的风险为中等风险及以上。暴露在91~94 dB噪声强度下的工人未来5~15年发生噪声所致噪声聋的风险均在中等风险及以上。结论该石化厂工人未来5~15年发生噪声所致听力损失的风险较高,需要加强噪声防控措施。ISO1999:2013方法可能会低估工人发生听力损失风险。
Objective To assess the risk of noise-induced hearing loss in workers from a petrochemical plant.Methods In October 2020,488 male workers exposed to noise in a petrochemical plant in Guangdong Province were selected by cluster sampling.Acoustics-Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss(ISO 1999:2013)was used to assess the risk of noise-induced hearing loss of workers,and individual fit testing was used to evaluate the sound attenuation obtained by the workers.The risk assessment results and fitness test results of workers with different hearing levels were compared.Results The average noise exposure equivalent sound level of the workers in the petrochemical plant was 86.7 dB(A).The median of PARs(personal attenuation ratings)was 16(4,23)dB.There were statistically significant differences in age and service years among workers with different hearing results(P<0.05),but no statistically significant differences in noise intensity and PARs(P>0.05).According to risk assessment results of ISO 1999:2013,the current risk of high-frequency hearing loss in 488 workers were negligible risk and acceptable risk.The risk of noise-induced deafness weredivided into three levels:negligible risk in 452 workers(92.7%),medium risk in 27 workers(5.5%)and high risk in 9 workers(1.8%).The risk of high-frequency hearing loss in next 5 to 15 years for workers with noise exposure level of>94 to 97 dB and>97 dB or above would be medium risk or above.The risk of noise-induced deafness in next 5 to 15 years for workers exposed to noise withlevel of 91 to 94 dB would be medium risk or above.Conclusion The risk of noise-induced hearing loss in workers from the petrochemical plant is high in next 5 to 15 years,and noise prevention and control measures need to be strengthened.ISO1999:2013 assessment method may underestimate the risk of hearing loss among workers.
作者
苏世标
石寒雪
钟喜
刘明
李荣宗
汪天尖
肖斌
Su Shibiao;Shi Hanxue;Zhong Xi;Liu Ming;Li Rrongzong;Wang Tianjian;Xiao Bin(Institute of Occupationan Health Assessment,Guangdong Province Hospital for Occuaptional Diseasse Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou 510300,China;Institute of Physical Factors and Occupational Health,Guangdong Province Hospital for Occuaptional Diseasse Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou 510300,China;School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China;School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期893-897,共5页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
基金
中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所标准研制项目(20210401)
职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(131031109000160004)
广东省职业健康工程技术研究中心(D:2019A069)
广州市科技计划项目(201904010268)
广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152)。
关键词
噪声
听力
风险评估
护听器
Noise
Hearing
Risk assessment
Hearing protective device
